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Biological Basis of Behavior
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
The biogenic amines include catecholamines, indolamines, ethylamines, and quaternary amines. Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine constitute the main catecholamines family of neurotransmitters which are derived from the same precursor molecule (tyrosine). The monoamine theory of mood disorder hypothesizes that altered monoamine activity and related changes in monoamine receptors result in mood abnormalities.
Biogenic Amines in Plant Food
Published in Akula Ramakrishna, Victoria V. Roshchina, Neurotransmitters in Plants, 2018
Kamil Ekici, Abdullah Khalid Omer
Biogenic amines are a group of low molecular weight, heat-stable, non-volatile, basic nitrogenous compounds with biological activity, formed and degraded as a result of normal metabolic activity in living cells and thus they are omnipresent in humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms and chiefly created by microbial decarboxylation of amino acid in foodstuffs or by amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones by amino acid transaminases.
Olfactory Esthesioneuroblastoma
Published in Gerd Reznik, Sherman F. Stinson, Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man, 2017
Judge et al.12 has described a simple method for identifying biogenic amines in the tumor. They employed formaldehyde-fume-induced fluorescence to assess the biogenic amines content of the tumor. They found biogenic amine in the two cases that they tested. The fluorescense observed was eliminated by sodium borohydrate indicating that the tumors probably contain biogenic amines.
Nature as a source and inspiration for human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) inhibition: A review of the recent advances in chemical modification of natural compounds
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2023
Francesco Melfi, Simone Carradori, Andrea Angeli, Ilaria D’Agostino
Biogenic amine catabolism is pivotal in several physiological and pathological processes not only in CNS and plant-based formulations or natural bioactive ingredients have been used for the management of neurological disorders since the dawn of time [144]. hMAO enzymes have been widely recognized as important targets for the therapy of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Their main physiological effect is the increase of the biological half-life of central monoamines (especially DA for hMAO-B inhibitors). They also act as a metabolic barrier, preventing the passage of bioactive amines from the gastrointestinal tract (epithelial cells) to the blood and from the systemic circulation to the CNS. Moreover, hMAO inhibitors are endowed with other pharmacological properties not always dependent on the dopaminergic pathway. First of all, the hMAO-B enzyme in cerebellar glia is also involved in the production of GABA from the catabolic reactions of putrescine [145]. This neurotransmitter is known to trigger memory or learning impairment in animal models of AD via a reduction of neuronal plasticity [146,147]. Secondly, the enzyme-mediated by-product H2O2 can be associated with neurodegeneration given the conversion to highly harmful and reactive free radicals in the presence of ferrous ions. This event is also more pronounced in elderly people where the hMAO-B expression increases in the CNS with aging.
Gut bacterial aromatic amine production: aromatic amino acid decarboxylase and its effects on peripheral serotonin production
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Yuta Sugiyama, Yumiko Mori, Misaki Nara, Yusuke Kotani, Emiko Nagai, Hiroki Kawada, Mayu Kitamura, Rika Hirano, Hiromi Shimokawa, Akira Nakagawa, Hiromichi Minami, Aina Gotoh, Mikiyasu Sakanaka, Noriho Iida, Takashi Koyanagi, Takane Katayama, Shigefumi Okamoto, Shin Kurihara
Recently, we reported that 32 of the most predominant species of human indigenous gut microbiota were culturable in Gifu anaerobic medium (GAM)47 and evaluated polyamine biosynthesis and transport using this system.48 Reanalysis of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms obtained in the polyamine study revealed that Blautia hansenii, Clostridium asparagiforme, Tyzzerella nexilis, En. faecalis, and R. gnavus produced unidentified biogenic amine in the culture supernatant (Figure 1a and Supplementary Figure S1). The retention time of the unidentified biogenic amine did not correspond to that of polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, and agmatine) (Figure 1a). To identify the unidentified biogenic amine, we purified this compound using an ion exchange chromatography from the culture supernatant of T. nexilis. The MS/MS spectra of the purified biogenic amine corresponded to that of PEA (Figure 1b). The retention time of the purified unidentified biogenic amine corresponded to PEA standard sample, in two different HPLC systems (Figure 1c and 1d). These results indicated that the unidentified biogenic amine is PEA.
Clinical, biochemical and molecular spectrum of mild 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency and a case report
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2021
Boyan Song, Zhijun Ma, Wei Liu, Lihong Lu, Yongjian Jian, Lu Yu, Zhihui Wan, Xiaofei Yue, Yuanyuan Kong
PTS deficiency is the major cause of BH4 metabolic abnormalities. Based on the content of biogenic amine in cerebrospinal fluid and development of physical and nervous system, the patients can be categorized as severe or mild type. Mild deficiency is characterized by normal physical and nervous system development and lack of any significant change in the neurotransmitter levels in the cerebrospinal fluid [5]. In some cases, only BH4 supplementation is required to maintain the normal phenylalanine level, or no other therapy is necessary. Patients with severe type usually show decreased levels of L-dopa and serotonin in the cerebrospinal fluid and abnormal development of the nervous system. Moreover, these patients may develop neurological deficits, limb stiffness, low trunk tension, epilepsy, dystonia, tremor, athetosis, ataxia, motor dysfunction and usually exhibit poor prognosis [4]. Although the content of neurotransmitters in the cerebrospinal fluid is important for differentiating between mild and severe PTS deficiency, cerebrospinal fluid extraction is an invasive procedure, and parents are reluctant to provide consent. Therefore, gene sequencing would be beneficial once the correlation of genotype and phenotype is established.