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Conjugated Graphene Gold Nanocomposites for Cancer Therapy
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Zaira Zaman Chowdhury, Abu Nasser Faisal, Shahjalal Mohammad Shibly, Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Jeyabalan Sangeetha
Despite the fact that there are ongoing debates on GO cytotoxicity, it is stated to have dose-dependent toxicity with presumably beneficial bioactivity (Dong and Qi 2015). Furthermore, GO has overcome these barriers and increased its safety through purification and functionalization techniques. The inclusion of GO by covalent or noncovalent coupling can alter the morphology and improve the biocompatibility (Pinto et al. 2013; Guo and Mei 2014). PEG is a unique polymer in such sector, creating better soluble, safer, biocompatible, and less-poisonous composites based on GO. In conclusion, published research demonstrates that GO possesses antimicrobial characteristics (Liu et al. 2011; Ruiz et al. 2011). It can be biocompatible when properly concentrated and functionalized (Pinto et al. 2013; Guo and Mei 2014).
Marine Natural Products for Human Health Care
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
High throughput screening (HTS) is the process of assaying huge numbers of crude extracts or fractions against selected targets in a relatively short span of time. To conduct bioactivity screening in a high throughput manner, validated drug targets and assays suitable for detecting the bioactivity of a compound or an extract need to be developed. In addition to this, necessary equipment, like microtiter plates and laboratory automation techniques, are needed to make HTS executable [190]. In HTS of crude extracts or fractions, the assays need to detect desired bioactivity properties of constituents of complex samples. The assays are designed to possess a high efficiency to deliver rapid results at relatively low cost. In addition, they should be convenient, reliable, and sensitive and require little material. HTS is typically performed at a single concentration, and a positive hit is followed by additional testing to confirm the potency and target/phenotypic specificity. Additional testing ensures elimination of false positives caused by nonspecific activities of constituents of the assayed crude extracts or fractions.
An Introduction to Bioactivity via Restorative Dental Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Mary Anne S. Melo, Ashley Reid, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
Operative or restorative dentistry is the branch of general dentistry concerned with the treatment of diseases and/or defects of the hard tissues of teeth, particularly the restoration of the form, function, and aesthetics of the hard tissues. Unfortunately, very often, the hard dental tissues undergo a bacterial acid attack causing a progressive mineral loss that may lead to the terminal stage of cavitation (Cury and Tenuta 2009). Considering this branch of Dentistry, bioactivity could be related to the ability of a material to regenerate or preserve the pulpal tissues or maintain or repair the lost minerals caused by caries and/or erosion.
Boosting modern technologies with emphasis on biological approaches to potentiate prevention and control of aflatoxins: recent advances
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Shikha Tiwari, Bijendra Kumar Singh, Vatsala Kishore, Nawal Kishore Dubey
Aflatoxins contamination of food stuff has now become a major global health security threat, making its decontamination a major challenge to food industries. Hence, different modern technologies have been incorporated to potentiate physical, chemical and biocontrol based methods to manage aflatoxin secretion. Ozone, a strong oxidizing agent kept in the GRAS category has been frequently used in food industries as an antimicrobial agent for food treatment and control of storage loss. Recently ozonolysis mediated detoxification of AFB1 in food products has also come to the forefront as novel and effective mechanism. Further, novel advancements like the incorporation of nanotechnology would enhance the bioactivity of botanical formulations. Incorporating bioactive genes through genetic engineering would also bring revolution against aflatoxin synthesis by developing aflatoxin resistance in hosts. The effect of different detoxification strategies on food constituents is, therefore, a crucial factor in determining its practical applicability. Strategy securing nutritional value and desired qualitative aspect of food product, creating less residue formation with eco-friendly and safer paradigm are considered to have a vital future role.
Advances in computer-aided drug design for type 2 diabetes
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2022
Wanqiu Huang, Luyong Zhang, Zheng Li
PPARs (including PPARα, PPARδ, and PPARγ) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily [51], which play a pivotal role in energy homeostasis, and are considered an important target in the treatment of diabetes [52]. Maltarollo et al. [53] performed a structure-based virtual screening to explore new agonists of PPARδ, which led to the identification of five hits. Among them, four compounds showed good bioactivity in preliminary in vitro tests. In this study, 740,000 compounds from ZINC database were docked with PPARδ, in which the binding energy and visual inspections were used to rank compounds, and 50 compounds were screened out. Then, the 50 compounds were re-docked in the PPARδ active site, and five potential PPAR affinity substances were selected for further biological assays. Compounds 1 and 2 had PPARδ/γ activity. Compound 3 showed PPARγ activity and compound 4 was a PPARδ agonist (Figure 2). This research also found that the tetrazole group could be used as the bioisosteres of the acid moiety presenting in typical PPAR ligands.
Screening the dermatological potential of Plectranthus species components: antioxidant and inhibitory capacities over elastase, collagenase and tyrosinase
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Joana M. Andrade, Eva María Domínguez-Martín, Marisa Nicolai, Célia Faustino, Luís Monteiro Rodrigues, Patrícia Rijo
The antioxidant properties of Plectranthus spp. organic extracts were evaluated based on their scavenging activity for the DPPH radical. According to Figure 3, the methanolic extracts held the highest RSA (20–76%) among the organic extracts, except for the ethyl acetic extract from P. grandidentatus, with a RSA of 62.3 0.4%. The observed results are possibly related with the high content of polyphenols usually present in the methanolic extracts, which are known for their antioxidant activity53. Nevertheless, recent findings concerning the antioxidant activity of abietane diterpenes, namely compounds (1) and (4)23, which have been isolated from Plectranthus spp., suggest that these compounds may also contribute to the observed bioactivity. The quinone moiety present in abietane diterpenes is probably responsible for their biological activity, since quinones represent important features at stabilising free radicals in many biological systems suffering from oxidative stress, protein inactivation and intermediate melanin synthesis pathway in human skin54,55.