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The Potential Use of Mandacaru (Cereus spp.) Bioactive Compounds
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Maria Gabrielly de Alcântara Oliveira, Giovanna Morghanna Barbosa do Nascimento, Gleice Ribeiro Orasmo
Mandacaru has been used as a source of primary metabolism products as well as secondary metabolites for the pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries. The stems of C. peruvianus plants produce wax esters with potential application as an impermeable barrier (Dembitsky and Rezanka 1996, Rezanka and Dembitsky 1998), and a viscous gum with various industrial applications (Alvarez et al. 1992, 1995). From the gum produced, arabinogalactan was isolated, which inhibited the formation of gastric lesions in ethanol-treated mice, suggesting its potential use in phytotherapeutic processes (Tanaka et al. 2010).
Bioactive Compounds in Coffee: Health Benefits of Macronutrients and Micronutrients
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
Coffee drink contains high fiber. Based on the results of the study, three brands of coffee powder in the mini market of Semarang city contain about 16% fiber.19 The fiber content in the coffee powder will be able to inhibit the activity of alpha amylase, an enzyme that helps the body convert food into energy and catalyze starch hydrolysis into sugars, thereby reducing glucose absorption rate. Instant coffee powder that has been roasted and brewed at 100°C will contain soluble fiber. Galactomanan fiber content and arabinogalactan are found in brewed coffee. Conversely, hot water contains only nonsoluble fiber in green coffee beans33 not yet roasted and not brewed.16,17,19
New Developments in Drug Treatment
Published in Lloyd N. Friedman, Martin Dedicoat, Peter D. O. Davies, Clinical Tuberculosis, 2020
Alexander S. Pym, Camus Nimmo, James Millard
Parallel drug discovery efforts have also converged on another essential step in the complex assembly of the mycobacterial cell wall, DprE1, a flavoenzyme responsible for the epimerization of ribose to arabinose. This pathway provides a unique source of arabinose for both lipoarabinomannan and arabinogalactan, building blocks of the cell wall. The benzothiazinone compound BTZ043 was the first from this group to undergo significant development.48 After nitroreduction by DprE1, BTZ043 covalently binds to a cysteine residue within the active site of DprE1, irreversibly inactivating the enzyme.49–51 Laboratory-selected spontaneous resistant mutations have been localized to dprE1 and were uncommon, arising at a frequency of 10−8.48 Encouragingly, it has a very low MIC (2.3 nM against H37Rv) including against MDR strains.52 It is principally active against dividing organisms in line with its mode of action against the cell wall, and in short-term mouse studies (28 days of monotherapy) has activity similar to rifampicin.48 Combination studies conducted in vitro show it has synergistic activity against M. tuberculosis with bedaquiline and at least additive effects with a range of other first- and second-line anti-TB drugs.53
Mechanochemical prepared ibuprofen-Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide drug delivery system for enhanced bioactivity with reduced renal injury induced by NSAIDs
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Wenhao Xu, Jinli Yang, Xiangyang Gu, Wenjing Su, Faxiang Pu, Zhangfu Xie, Kongliang Jin, Weike Su, Lichan Mao
Ibuprofen (purity 98%) was purchased from Aladdin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Xian, China). Polygonatum sibiricum Red. were collected in April 2020 in Chizhou, Anhui, China, and were identified by Dr. Yi Tao from Zhejiang University of Technology. (+)-Arabinogalactan (AG) from Larch Wood (purity 99%, CAS 9036-66-2) was purchased from Beijing Budweiser Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Carrageenan (purity 98%, CAS 9000-07-1) was purchased from Aladdin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Xian, China). The XOD and ADA assay kits were produced by Nanjing Jiancheng Biotech (Nanjing, China). Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), TUNEL kits, and uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) assay kits were from Beyotime Biotechnology (Haimen, China). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade.
Tinospora Cordifolia and Arabinogalactan in combination modulates benzo(a)pyrene-induced genotoxicity during lung carcinogenesis
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Yongli Chang, Diancui Zhang, Junxia Cui, Anshoo Malhotra
The membrane fluidity is crucial for normal homeostasis and has been observed to be influenced by phytochemicals or diet (Li et al.2021). Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) is a well-known medicinal plant with immunomodulatory and anticancer properties (Dou et al.2021). Moreover, Arabinogalactan has been reported recently, to possess good anti-cancer abilities against lung cancer (Pfeifer et al.2021). The genotoxic effects of carcinogens including BP have been reported earlier by exploring the formation of micronuclei in the lung cells. The induction of carcinogenesis often lead to increase in the formation of micronuclei confirming the state of mitotic catastrophe. This state is adopted by cells, when programmed cell death mechanism like apoptosis fails. Moreover, no specific study has been performed with regard to modulatory potential of Tinospora cordifolia and Arabinogalactan in combination against mitotic catastrophe, membrane stability parameters during cancer. Therefore, the present study is dedicated to investigate the prophylactic action of this combination of Tinospora cordifolia and Arabinogalactan in modulating mitotic catastrophe and key surface membrane changes during lung cancer.
Metatranscriptomic analysis of an in vitro biofilm model reveals strain-specific interactions among multiple bacterial species
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Yifei Zhang, Wenyu Shi, Yeqing Song, Jinfeng Wang
The presence of P. intermedia (C4 and C2) modulated the expression of 55.9% of P. gingivalis genes; most of which were down-regulated. In C5 compared to C3, P. intermedia influenced the expression of 41.0% of P. gingivalis W83 genes, most of which were up-regulated. In C5 compared to C4, 35.2% of P. intermedia genes were down-regulated (Figure 2(m–o)). Though most genes were down-regulated in P. gingivalis ATCC33277, pathways that related to carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes, foxO signaling pathway and ATP-dependent chaperone ClpB, were particularly up-regulated. As to P. gingivalis W83, the up-regulated pathways included sphingolipid metabolism, zinc transport system ATP-binding protein znuC; iron complex transport system, and lipopolysaccharide export systems lptB and lptG. In the presence of P. intermedia, P. gingivalis W83 showed higher expression of several putative virulence factors, including iron compound ABC transporter ATP-binding proteins, ferrous iron transporter, fimbrilin, capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis proteins, and hemolysin (Table S4 marked in red), which were down-regulated in P. gingivalis ATCC33277 (Table S3 marked in red). Compared to P. gingivalis ATCC33277, P. gingivalis W83 down-regulated the majority of P. intermedia genes related to purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, carbon fixation pathways, and ribosome (C4 and C5). However, the pathway related to arabinogalactan biosynthesis was up-regulated.