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3-Nitropropionate
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
3-NPA and its ester glucosides and glucose esters have been found in leaf beetles from the subfamily Chrysomelinae.19,34–37 A 3-NPA ester of 3-isoxazolin-5-one glucoside (Figure 88.2) has been detected in all life stages of Chrysomela populi and Phaedon cochleariae, being present as a major secondary metabolite in the eggs, the larval hemolymph, and the pupae and the adult hemolymph, as well as their defensive secretions.19,34–37 3-NPA ester of 3-isoxazolin-5-one glucoside allows for the storage of high amounts of 3-NPA in leaf beetles, as it was shown that it is nontoxic to the organism in the hemolymph.34 Diverse esters of glucose containing up to three 3-NPA moieties have been identified by analysis of the adult secretions of the leaf beetle species Plagiodera versicolora distincta, Gastrophysa atrocyanea, Chrysomela vigintipunctata costella, and Gastrolina depressa.38 The 3-NPA derivatives in Chrysomelinae leaf beetles are described as allomone secreted with other chemical aposematic repellent for self-defense.19
Fatal poisoning by terbufos following occupational exposure
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
Yue Liang, Fang Tong, Lin Zhang, Wenhe Li, Weisheng Huang, Yiwu Zhou
Further history indicated that the patient’s main task that morning had been mixing and scattering TBF pesticide granules, while her co-workers applied a pesticide-free fertilizer. The TBF was in the form of 5% (active ingredient) granules (900 g per bag) with a violet aposematic coloration and it was her first time using it. Twenty bags were mixed with coarse sand and scattered on fields of peanuts (an area of about 0.33 hectares) manually. She complained about the pungent odor during the application. After 3 h, she developed a headache, dizziness, tightness of chest, nausea and began to vomit and returned home. The other workers did not suffer any unusual symptoms. When discovered, some 30 min later, she was noted to be lethargic and was then transported to the ED. Per report, as personal protective equipment (PPE), the patient had been using a bandana as an improvised “mask”, torn rubber gloves and boots. Additionally, she had been wearing a short-sleeved shirt because of the warm weather, about 30 °C.