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Fenugreek in Management of Neurological and Psychological Disorders
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Rohini Pujari, Prasad Thakurdesai
Besides, an ethanolic extract of fenugreek seeds (100 and 200 mg/kg, orally) was reported as anxiolytic without motor dysfunction in mice during studies with light-dark box test and elevated plus-maze test (Dhananjaya et al. 2011). Recently, the fenugreek’s anxiolytic efficacy is also supported by a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study in the aging male (Hausenblas et al. 2020). Fenugreek supplementation (500 mg per day) was found to be a useful nutritional intervention for anxiety levels, along with improving aging male symptoms and aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in healthy, recreationally active men without side effects (Hausenblas et al. 2020). Taken together, fenugreek is reported as a potent anxiolytic agent and showed promise as an effective and safer option alone or supplementation to existing anti-anxiety drugs.
Benzodiazepines as anxiolytics
Published in Adam Doble, Ian L Martin, David Nutt, Calming the Brain: Benzodiazepines and related drugs from laboratory to clinic, 2020
Adam Doble, Ian L Martin, David Nutt
Bretazenil appears to be a highly efficacious anxiolytic agent in GAD, showing similar activity to diazepam (5 mg) in a large double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Pieri et al, 1988). Some rebound effects were reported for both bretazenil and diazepam. In this study, the frequency of adverse events (including sedation) was no different from placebo, and lower than for diazepam. However, in the two studies of bretazenil in panic attacks referred to below sedative side-effects were reported. There is little published information on possible sedative effects of bretazenil in healthy volunteers: in a comparative study aimed at evaluating abuse potential (Busto et al, 1994), decreases in psychomotor performance and subjective impressions of sedation, were observed after bretazenil but these were less marked than for the two full agonists tested and the dose-response curve was shallow. The duration of action of bretazenil is relatively short (T1/2 in man was found to be around 2.5 h: Pieri et al, 1988), and not ideal for use in the day-to-day treatment of anxiety; this unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic profile is one of the factors that has contributed to the stopping of the clinical development of this compound.
Unbiased research
Published in C. P. Khare, Evidence-based Ayurveda, 2019
Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Open Field Test (OFT) and Foot-Shock Induced Aggression (FSIA) were the screening tests used to assess the anxiolytic activity of the extracts on mice. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) served as the standard anxiolytic agent.
What are the pharmacotherapeutic options for adjustment disorder?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
A number of studies have compared the novel anxiolytic agent etifoxine to buspirone [15] and to benzodiazepines [16,17]. Etifoxine exerts its anxiolytic effects through dual action at the GABA receptor, via direct agonism and allosteric modulation, and may modulate neurocircuitry related to post-traumatic psychopathology [18]. Servant et al. found that etifoxine was superior to buspirone from day 7 (n = 170) in terms of efficacy and tolerability. Nguyen et al. found that etifoxine had a similar efficacy compared to the benzodiazepine lorazepam, without the undesirable rebound anxiety at 1 week post-cessation (n = 191). Finally, comparison with the benzodiazepine alprazolam, indicated that alprazolam showed greater initial benefit, but after cessation of drug the etifoxine group had continued improvement while the alprazolam group had rebound anxiety (n = 202).
D-ribose-L-cysteine modulates paradoxical sleep deprivation-induced neurological impairments: anxiolytic and antioxidative study in rat model
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Taiwo Abayomi, Olorunfemi Tokunbo, Oluwatobiloba Oroyemi, Olawale Abayomi, Opeyemi Osuntokun, Benedict Falana, Temidayo Adeniyi
In an attempt to establish the anxiety-related behavior associated with PSD and DRLC treatment, the EPM and OFT were used to assess fear and anxiety in the experimental groups. Our findings confirmed previous results of behavioral deficits in sleep-deprived animals [28,29]. While sleep deprivation was associated with increased exploratory activities in open field test following tread-mill sleep deprivation [30], in our study, sleep-deprived rats exhibited reduced motor activity characterized by decreased crossings, decreased time of habituation and increased time spent freezing. This difference in exploratory response may be due to the difference in the technique and duration employed to induce sleep deprivation. In addition, although some studies showed that sleep deprivation reduced anxiety-like behavior [31,32], however, in this study, paradoxical sleep deprivation was associated with increased anxiogenic effect as reflected by increased time spent in the closed arm of the maze. This finding was similar to the report of Silva et al. [33], and Omotoso et al. [34]. However, treatment with DRLC before and after PSD attenuated the anxiety-like behaviors characterized by increased crossings, decreased freezing time, increased time of habituation as well as reduced time spent in the closed arm. Hence, DRLC was confirmed as an anxiolytic agent in this study. Though the mechanism by which DRLC exerts its anxiolytic property is yet to be fully elucidated, our study suggests that this is likely to be related to the antioxidative property of DRLC to reduce the oxidative stress attenuated with PSD
Patients’ characteristics and their influence on course of fear during agoraphobic symptom provocation: may SS(N)RI treatment compensate unfavorable individual preconditions?
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2018
Jens Plag, Moritz B. Petzold, Johanna Gechter, Carolin Liebscher, Andreas Ströhle
Escitalopram was the most frequently anxiolytic agent applied for pharmacotherapy [21 patients; mean maximum daily dosage: 10.83 mg (Fear−) versus 11.11 mg (Fear+); p = .813], followed by venlafaxine (four patients; mean maximum daily dosage: 131.5 mg), citalopram (two patients; mean maximum daily dosage: 30 mg) and sertraline (one patient). Maximum daily dosages were 20, 225, 40 and 100 mg, respectively. Duration of pharmacotherapy at clinically effective dosages were 61 days (d) on average (SD: 11 d). Fear − and Fear + did not differ regarding the length of the treatment period (number of days: 58.86 SD 8.52 versus 64.07 SD 12.96; p = .22).