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The Potential of Medicinal Plants as Treatments for Infections Caused by Aspergillus spp.
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Tefo K. Pule, Marco N. De Canha, Namrita Lall, Quenton Kritzinger
This may suggest that there may be synergistic effects between some plants exhibiting antifungal activity and commercial antifungal agents. Artemisia spp. (Figure 19.3A), Solanum aculeastrum (Figure 19.3B) and Myrtus communis (Figure 19.3C) are examples of medicinal plants reported to have anti-Aspergillus activity. Leaf extracts from Artemisia spp. have been reported to be effective against Aspergillus spp., with the ZOI ranging from 6.25–25 mm (Njoki, Okoth, and Wachira, 2017). Solanum aculeastrum also showed antifungal activity against A. flavus with the positive control, Apron Star (a class III blue active ingredient fungicide containing 20% thiamethoxam + 20% metalaxyl-M + 2% difenoconazole) having a larger ZOI (± 6 mm difference) (Njoki, Okoth, and Wachira, 2017).
Use of Dermatologics during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Antifungals used to treat tinea corpus, cruris, pedis, and versicolor include ciclopirox, haloprogin, naftifine, and tolnaftate. No human studies of use of these drugs during pregnancy are published, but manufacturers’ information state that these antifungal agents were not teratogenic in several animal studies.
Medicinal Plants of India and Their Antimicrobial Property
Published in Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gitishree Das, Sanjeet Kumar, Hrudayanath Thatoi, Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Ifra Zoomi, Harbans Kaur Kehri, Ovaid Akhtar, Pragya Srivastava, Dheeraj Pandey, Raghvendra Pratap Narayan
Fungi are ubiquitous in distribution and diseases due to fungal pathogens reported more frequently all over the world. Notably, it has been reported by many workers that several fungi have the capability to undergo genetic recombination (Zheng et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2013), hybridization (Stukenbrock, 2016) and horizontal gene transfer (Cheeseman et al., 2014), which result in acquisition of novel traits. It is therefore, challenging to control the fungal pathogen due to their ability to use various substances as a carbon, nitrogen and energy source. There are various synthetic antifungal agents such as azoles (itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), polyenes (amphotericin B) and echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin) (Groll et al., 1998; Kathiravan et al., 2012). These antifungal antibiotics no doubt, play major role in health care but also lead to the emergence of acquired drug resistance in fungi (Cowen, 2008; Meneau et al., 2016).
Identification of a novel SPT inhibitor WXP-003 by docking-based virtual screening and investigation of its anti-fungi effect
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Xin Wang, Xin Yang, Xin Sun, Yi Qian, Mengyao Fan, Zhehao Zhang, Kaiyuan Deng, Zaixiang Lou, Zejun Pei, Jingyu Zhu
Fungal infection is one of main infectious diseases in clinic, including common superficial and invasive fungal infection1. In the past few decades, morbidity and mortality caused by invasive fungal infection have been increasing with the sharp growing immunocompromised individuals, such as patients after organ transplant, patients in ICU (morbidity up to 29%, mortality up to 49%)2,3. Due to the increasing life-threatening caused by fungal infection, the effective treatments for fungal disease are needed. However, the approved antifungal agents are quite limited, mainly containing polyenes (e.g. amphotericin B and its derivatives), azoles (e.g. fluconazole, ketoconazole), echinocandins (e.g. micafungin) and 5-fluorocytosine4. With the extensive use of conventional antifungal agents, the emerging azole-resistant fungi make the problem more intractable5–7. Moreover, the current antifungal agents always show low efficacy on killing fungal cells and high toxicity because of the similarities between fungi and mammals. Therefore, developing novel antifungal agents against new targets is urgent need to improve the efficacy in killing fungi and decrease the side effects8.
Utilization of PEGylated cerosomes for effective topical delivery of fenticonazole nitrate: in-vitro characterization, statistical optimization, and in-vivo assessment
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Rofida Albash, Carol Yousry, Abdulaziz Mohsen Al-Mahallawi, Ahmed Adel Alaa-Eldin
Skin infections, triggered by different fungal species such as Candida albicans and Trichophyton species, have been spread worldwide recently. Fungal infections are more frequently occurring due to the increase in the number of immunocompromised patients due to cancer chemotherapy, organ transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus infections (Veraldi & Milani, 2008). They are mainly treated by systemic oral administration and/or topical application of antifungal agents. Although oral administration of systemic antifungal agents is known to be more effective, it usually results in toxic side effects and increased risk of drug-drug interaction (Abd-Elsalam et al. 2018). Fenticonazole nitrate (FTN) is an antifungal imidazole derivative that acts by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis and consecutively damaging the cytoplasmatic membrane (Campos et al., 2018). It also blocks cytochrome oxidases and peroxidases and specifically inhibits the secretion of protease acid by Candida albicans which promotes the yeast adherence to the epithelial cells (Veraldi & Milani, 2008). Thus, FTN has fungistatic and fungicidal activities on dermatophytes, yeasts and fungi. In addition, FTN exhibits a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity that includes Gram positive bacteria and bacteria commonly associated with fungal skin and vaginal infections (Jung et al., 1988). Therefore, FTN is considered an ideal topical agent for mixed mycotic and bacterial infections, alternative to other multiagent treatments (Veraldi & Milani, 2008).
An overview of the available treatments for chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Sahajal Dhooria, Valliappan Muthu, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Ritesh Agarwal
Systematic review: This review was conducted in accordance with guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement [14]. We searched the PubMed and EmBase databases for studies evaluating antifungal agents in CPA. We used the following free text terms: (‘aspergilloma’ OR ‘CNPA’ OR ‘CCPA’ OR ‘chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis’ OR ‘sub-acute invasive aspergillosis’ OR ‘CPA’ OR ‘CCPA’ OR ‘CFPA’ OR ‘SIA’ OR ‘SAIA’ OR ‘chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis’ OR ‘chronic pulmonary aspergillosis’) AND (‘itraconazole’ OR ‘azole’ OR ‘voriconazole’ OR ‘posaconazole’ OR ‘isavuconazole’ OR ‘micafungin’ OR ‘antifungal’ OR ‘amphotericin’ OR ‘caspofungin’ OR ‘echinocandin’). We excluded studies describing <10 subjects with CPA. Some studies described the use of more than one antifungal agent. In these studies, we categorized them based on the highest number of patients treated with a particular antifungal drug. The studies were sorted by two authors ISS and RA. Any discrepancy between the results was resolved after discussion. We then used the evidence derived from these studies to answer the subsequent questions.