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Health care and cost containment in Denmark
Published in Elias Mossialos, Julian Le Grand, Health Care and Cost Containment in the European Union, 2019
Terkel Christiansen, Ulrika Enemark, Jørgen Clausen, Peter Bo Poulsen
Reference prices were introduced into the Danish reimbursement scheme in 1993. The reference price in Denmark is the average of the two cheapest drugs in a group of synonymous products, defined according to ATC-level five (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System). This means that if consumers want more expensive drugs they have to pay a relatively larger out-of-pocket amount. In 1993 about 389 of 2256 registered drugs were influenced by reference prices (31 per cent of total turnover). The effect is reflected by the price changes in 1993: prices for 48 per cent of all packets decreased, 40 per cent were unchanged and only 12 per cent showed increased prices.34
Medication use during pregnancy in Surabaya: A cross-sectional study
Published in Elida Zairina, Junaidi Khotib, Chrismawan Ardianto, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Charles D. Sands, Timothy E. Welty, Unity in Diversity and the Standardisation of Clinical Pharmacy Services, 2017
E. Zairina, G. Nugraheni, G.N. Veronika Ahmad, A. Yuda, Y. Nita, M.P. Wardhana, K.E. Gumilar
This study was undertaken in the outpatient clinic in three hospitals in Surabaya, using a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, health information, including pregnancy, use of medicines during pregnancy and use of medicines for chronic health conditions in general (grouped according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System by the World Health Organization (WHO)).
A cross-sectional survey of hospitalization and blood tests implementation status in patients who received tolvaptan under 75 years of age using a Japanese claims database
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2021
Shungo Imai, Kenji Momo, Hitoshi Kashiwagi, Yuki Sato, Takayuki Miyai, Mitsuru Sugawara, Yoh Takekuma
This cross-sectional study was performed using the JMDC claims database (JMDC Inc., Tokyo, Japan), which has de-identified individual-level data of employees from large companies and their families excluding business owners or welfare recipients. This database comprises approximately 7.3 million individuals [17]. Additionally, the database contains limited data for patients aged 65 years or older and no data for patients aged 75 years or older. Several patient parameters can be obtained from this database, including encrypted personal identifiers, year and month of birth, sex, the period over which the data were obtained, diagnoses, consultations, drugs, and medical procedures. The JMDC claims database does not contain laboratory data. Drugs are registered based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC) codes.
Capturing biologic treatment for IBD in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the Swedish National Patient Register – a validation study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Gabriella Bröms, Jonas Söderling, Michael C. Sachs, Jonas Halfvarson, Par Myrelid, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, Åsa H. Everhov, Ola Olén
The Prescribed Drug Register (PDR) and the National Patient Register (NPR) are national health registers and contain data that, because of mandatory reporting, exhibit close to complete coverage of individuals in Sweden [10,11]. In the PDR, prescribed drug treatment in outpatient care is captured by electronic records of filled prescriptions. However, biologic agents administered by infusion, in particular infliximab and vedolizumab, are not expected to be completely captured in the PDR. As they are administered in-hospital, the majority of infusion drugs are acquired via stock orders by the hospital and cannot be traced to any individual patient. Some hospital administrations may instead be identified from infusion procedure codes in combination with specified drugs according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC) in the NPR, but the validity of this register data is unknown.
Non-random relations in drug use expressed as patterns comprising prescription and over-the-counter drugs in multimorbid elderly patients in primary care: Data of the exploratory analysis of the multicentre, observational cohort study MultiCare
Published in European Journal of General Practice, 2021
Caroline Krüger, Ingmar Schäfer, Hendrik van den Bussche, Michael Baehr, Horst Bickel, Angela Fuchs, Jochen Gensichen, Wolfgang Maier, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, Hans-Helmut König, Anne Dahlhaus, Gerhard Schön, Siegfried Weyerer, Birgitt Wiese, Wolfgang von Renteln-Kruse, Claudia Langebrake, Martin Scherer
Utilised medicinal products were gathered using brown bag reviews, including OTC medicinal products (non-prescription medicinal products, including vitamin supplements and mineral supplements), gaining information about product name, German national drug code, dosage, pharmaceutical form and frequency. A brown bag review is a practice in which patients aid in medication reviews by putting all their medications in a bag and bringing them to their clinician for review [15]. Combined medicinal products were divided into single drugs, and were counted separately. Finally, single drugs (ATC 5th level) were classified using the official German version of the anatomical therapeutic chemical classification system (ATC) version 2016 [16]. To capture all OTC drugs, we coded homoeopathic and herbal traditional medicinal products under the group name herbal and homoeopathic agents.