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Inhalation Toxicity of Metal Particles and Vapors
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Vanadium is used extensively in the steel industry to increase hardness, malleability, and resistance to fatigue. Vanadium oxide is used as a catalyst in sulfuric and nitric acid manufacture. Vanadium compounds are also used as mordants in dyeing and printing cotton and for fixing aniline black on silk. Ammonium metavanadate, NH4 VO3, may be present in quick-drying inks.
Ultraviolet and Light Absorption Spectrometry
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Zoltan M. Dinya, Ferenc J. Sztaricskai
Ampicillin was determined by Squellar et al. [95] by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid-formaldehyde followed by photometry of the hydrolysis product at 380 nm. Beltagy et al. [96] utilized the methylene blue reaction for the determination of penicillins. Ibrahim et al. [97] heated a solution of the penicillins (penicillin G, ampicillin, penicillin V, and cloxacillin) in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer with ammonium metavanadate and measured the absorbance at 750 nm. Marchi et al. [98] reported a colorimetric assay method for pivampicillin based on hydrolysis with formaldehyde and subsequent treatment with chromotropic acid to give a colored complex exhibiting absorption near 570 nm. According to a recent procedure of Chiu and Grady [99], penicillamine, produced upon vigorous acid hydrolysis of penicillin G and V salt, is reacted with menthol in pH 3.4 solution in the presence of Cr(VI) salts and the absorbance of the colored complex formed is measured.
Evaluation of microcystin-LR photocatalytic degradation in aqueous solutions by BiVO4/NaY-Zeolite nanocomposite: determination of optimum conditions by response surface methodology (RSM)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Negar Jafari, Ali Abdolahnejad, Ali Behnami, Amir Mohammadi, Farzad Fanaei, Afshin Ebrahimi
MC-LR (C49H74N10O12, purity ≥ 99%) analytical standard solution (10 μg/mL in methanol) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Standard solutions were prepared by dissolving standard powder (100 μg, purity ≥ 95%, Enzo Life Sciences, Inc., Farmingdale, NY) of MC-LR in 1 mL of methanol (100%, HPLC-grade), and afterward diluted in distilled water with purity of 99% (Merck Co, Darmstadt, Germany) to prepare experiment solutions. Bismuth nitrate (Bi (NO3)3.5H2O, 99.99%) and ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3, 99.99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO). NaY-Zeolite was purchased from Pioneers Clean Environment Co. (Tehran, Iran). Other chemicals, such as methanol, acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (HPLC-grade), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and hydrochloric acid (HCL) were purchased from Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany). The MC-LR specifications are presented in Table 1.
Microwave extraction of Salvia officinalis essential oil and assessment of its GC-MS identification and protective effects versus vanadium-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats models
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019
Fatma Ghorbel Koubaa, Raed Abdennabi, Ahlem Soussi Ben Salah, Abdelfattah El Feki
Ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) of pro analysis grade was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sfax, Tunisia). The essential oil of S. officinalis obtained from “Laboratoire Altho” (Monfort, France) was used in all the experiments. All other chemicals and products used in the study were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sfax, Tunisia).
Oral administration of ammonium metavanadate and potassium dichromate distorts the inflammatory reaction induced by turpentine oil injection in male rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Marina K. Balabekova, Yekaterina O. Ostapchuk, Yuliya V. Perfilyeva, Aliya N. Tokusheva, Adilman Nurmuhambetov, Rustam R. Tuhvatshin, Vasiliy V. Trubachev, Zhaugashty B. Akhmetov, Nurshat Abdolla, Gulgul K. Kairanbayeva, Koks Sulev, Nikolai N. Belyaev
We also studied the effect of ammonium metavanadate and potassium dichromate on the cellular response in rats with aseptic inflammation. Expansion and activation of effector T cell subsets during the inflammatory response represent a normal physiological process directed at the localization of inflammation (Pennock et al. 2013). An effect of chromium and vanadium-containing compounds on T cell numbers and activation was described by a limited number of studies. Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum disc samples inhibited proliferation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes in vitro (Wang et al. 1996). Dietary ammonium metavanadate inhibited the proliferative activity of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ splenic T cells and depressed their activity in broilers (Cui et al. 2011). It was proposed that vanadium affects migration of mature T cells from the thymus to the spleen (Tsave et al. 2016). A modified thymus cortex–medulla ratio (Ustarroz-Cano et al. 2017) and a decrease in thymic CD11c dendritic cells, which are necessary for T cells maturation, were observed in mice exposed to vanadium by inhalation (Lee et al. 2001). In our experiments, exposure to ammonium metavanadate and potassium dichromate inhibited IFNγ and IL-4 production by CD4+ cells triggered by ongoing aseptic inflammation. The mechanisms underlying the suppression of IFNγ and IL-4 production may involve modulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and NF-κB activity. After T cell activation, the p50 and p65 NF-κB subunits and NFAT protein bind specifically to the newly identified IFN-γ κB and C3-related sites enhancing the transcriptional activity of the IFN-γ promoter (Sica et al. 1997). NF-κB is also involved in the molecular mechanisms controlling IL-4 gene transcription activation (Oh and Ghosh 2013). It was previously shown that exposure to orthometavanadate inhibited activation of NFAT, but enhanced inducible forms of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and activation of the p50/p65 heterodimeric form of NF-κB in both resting and antigen-stimulated T cells (Ortega-Gómez et al. 2013). On the other hand, hexavalent chromium was shown to inhibit NF-κB transcription decreasing the interaction of p65 subunit of NF-κB and the transcriptional cofactor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein-binding protein (Shumilla et al. 1999). Taking into account that IFNγ and IL-4 are well-known inducers of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, correspondingly (Dobrakowski et al. 2016, Yang et al. 2017), we can assume that exposure to ammonium metavanadate and potassium dichromate is able to inhibit both types of immune responses.