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Autonomic Nervous System Disorders
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Alpha antagonists: ephedrine and methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin) have been largely replaced by midodrine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist which acts by improving arterial and venous constriction in response to standing.9 The initial starting dose is 5 mg/day, and it should only be used during upright hours because of the risk of supine hypertension. Supine hypertension may require short-acting antihypertensive agents (e.g. beta-blocker) but can be minimized by elevating the head of the bed.
Basic pharmacology of cardiac drugs
Published in John Edward Boland, David W. M. Muller, Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Catheterisation, 2019
Metaraminol (or Aramine) is a powerful and fairly selective alpha adrenergic agonist. It leads to widespread vasoconstriction via its alpha receptor effect. There is relative sparing of the coronary arteries and cerebral arteries because these have few alpha-receptors. It is, therefore, useful for elevating blood pressure without placing undue strain on myocardial or cerebral blood supply. It must be given by intravenous injection or infusion.
Complications of Adrenal Gland Surgery
Published in Stephen M. Cohn, Matthew O. Dolich, Complications in Surgery and Trauma, 2014
Jane Kayle Lee, Andrew A. Gonzalez, James C. Doherty
Postoperatively, patients should be sent to a unit capable of frequent hemodynamic monitoring and effective management of any hemodynamic instability. Loss of adrenergic stimulation can cause hypotension lasting several days and can be further exacerbated by preoperative beta-blockade. This is effectively treated with volume expansion. In extreme cases, an alpha-adrenergic agonist may be necessary so that normal blood pressure can be maintained. Beta-antagonists are to be tapered off over the first postoperative week to avoid reflex tachycardia.
Management of Pregabalin Use Disorder: A Case Series
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2022
Lisa Langlumé, Céline Eiden, Sophie Roy, Floriane Taruffi, Julien Gambier, Hélène Donnadieu-Rigole, Hélène Peyrière
In this series of patients, management of withdrawal was based, for some anxious patients, on the short-term use of diazepam with a programmed dose reduction. Importantly, the diazepam dose should be adapted in patients with a history of benzodiazepine abuse and/or current use. At the time of the study, the long-term effectiveness of this adjuvant treatment was unknown. However, two patients who took diazepam relapsed and restarted pregabalin consumption. One of the limitations is the risk of the shift of dependence from pregabalin to diazepam or another substance (Gahr et al. 2015). Clonidine (used in patient no. 8) might be another possible option to manage pregabalin-related withdrawal symptoms. Clonidine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist used off-label for the management of opioid withdrawal (Toce et al. 2018). Clonidine helps to reduce the signs and symptoms of excessive autonomic activity (e.g. anxiety, chills, piloerection, tachycardia, and hypertension). Clonidine has been previously used for pregabalin withdrawal management outside the context of pregabalin use disorder and was effective on agitation (Barrett, Kittler, and Singarajah 2015).
Role of ferritin in pathogenesis of rosacea and its value in efficacy of 595 nm pulsed dye laser in treatment of different variants of rosacea: a clinical and immunohistochemical study
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2020
Nagwa Mohamed Elwan, Salwa Mohamed Salah, Shady F Abdelsalam, Nashwa Naeem Elfar
Medical treatments such as topical metronidazole and azaleic acid can treat inflammatory lesions as papules and pustules (23), and topical brimonidine gel, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, can be used to treat persistent facial erythema (24,25). However, vascular signs such as flushing, erythema, and telangiectasia often persist despite medical therapy (26), and induce social stigma due to their visibility (27).
Brimonidine tartrate for the treatment of glaucoma
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Daniel J. Oh, Judy L. Chen, Thasarat S. Vajaranant, Mark S. Dikopf
The third-generation alpha adrenergic agonist, brimonidine tartrate, has the addition of a quinoxaline bicyclic ring and bromine substitution at the chlorine site, increasing alpha-2 selectivity and further reducing lipophilicity[14]. In 1996, brimonidine was approved by the FDA for the treatment of OHTN and glaucoma.