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Nonnutritive Dietary Supplements in Pediatrics
Published in Fima Lifshitz, Childhood Nutrition, 2020
Michael B. Zimmermann, Norman Kretchmer
Alitame—Alitame (1 -a-aspartyl-N-(2,2,4-tetramethyl-3-thietanyl)-d-alan-imide) (Figure 6) is a dipeptide-based amide derived from aspartate and alanine that is 2000 × sweeter than sucrose.42 No safety issues have been raised to date, and a food additive petition is currently pending before the FDA.19
The Arousal Drug of Choice: Sources and Consumption of Caffeine
Published in Barry D. Smith, Uma Gupta, B.S. Gupta, Caffeine and Activation Theory, 2006
Barry D. Smith, Thom White, Rachel Shapiro
Sweeteners for regular soft drinks include sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup and make up 7 to 14% of soft-drink ingredients other than water. The principal sweeteners in diet sodas are aspartame (sold under the brand name NutriSweet) and sucralose (Splenda). The former has been in use since 1983 and is added at the rate of 15 mg per ounce. Sucralose was approved in 1998 and is 600 times sweeter than sugar. Other sweeteners include Acesulfame K (Sunnett), which is 200 times sweeter than sugar, and saccharin, which is 300 times sweeter. More sweeteners are currently in safety evaluation trials, including alitame, which is actually 2,000 times as sweet as sugar (NSDA, 2006). A final ingredient—our principal interest here—is caffeine. Caffeine is used in soft drinks because its bitter taste quality may actually enhance other flavors, but primarily because it provides the arousing effects that many drinkers desire. In fact, the manufacturers of Coca-Cola recognized the sales value of this quality even when Coke was in its infancy. At that time, however, the arousal agent in Coke was not caffeine but cocaine!
Consumption patterns of nonnutritive sweeteners among university students at a Caribbean institution
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2021
Marquitta C. Webb, Dana Chong, Sa’eed Bawa
NNS originate from several different classes of chemicals, which imitate the taste of sugar by interacting with the taste receptors in the mouth.3,5 These NNS provide the sweet taste that people desire without adding calories with their sweetness exceeding the sweetness factor of sucrose by 30 to 13,000 times.3,5 The United States Food and Drug Administration (FederalDrugAdministration (FDA)) has approved six (6) NNS, which are added to food and beverage products to increase the palatability of nutrient dense foods and beverages leading to a better diet quality.6 These NNS are saccharin, sold under the brand names Sweet Twin®, Sweet'N Low®, and Necta Sweet®; aspartame, sold under the brand names Nutrasweet®; Equal®, and Sugar Twin®; acesulfame-K, with the brand names Sunett® and Sweet One®, sucralose, sold under the brand name Splenda®; neotame, with the brand name Newtame®; and advantame.7 Additionally, the FDA has approved and established acceptable daily intake for several NNS, namely, saccharin [5 mg/kg body weight (wt.)], aspartame [50 mg/kg body wt.], acesulfame-K [15 mg/kg body wt.], sucralose [5 mg/kg body wt.], neotame [0.3 mg/kg body wt.], and advantame [32.8 mg/kg body wt.].7 However, standard recommendations on the use of these NNS have not yet been established. Other NNS have been approved and used in some parts of the world, including alitame and cyclamates but have not been approved for use in the US by the FDA.8 Plant extracts, such as stevioside, luo han guo (monk) fruit extract, and rebaudioside A are also used in place of sugar.9