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Granulation and Production Approaches of Orally Disintegrating Tablets
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Tansel Comoglu, Fatemeh Bahadori
The ODTs disintegrate in the oral cavity and release the active ingredients, which generally are unpalatable on the taste buds; thus, the taste-masking process is of great importance in the production of ODT dosage forms. The taste-masking technologies and agents currently used could be listed as coating, granulation, sweeteners, microencapsulation, taste suppressants, potentiators, solid dispersions, ion exchange resins, viscosity enhancers, complex formation, pH modifiers, and adsorbates.
Biogeneration of Volatile Organic Compounds in Microalgae-Based Systems
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Pricila Nass Pinheiro, Karem Rodrigues Vieira, Andriéli Borges Santos, Eduardo Jacob-Lopes, Leila Queiroz Zepka
In the condensation-based recovery system, the air from the bioreactor passes through the vertical trap column placed in a cryogenic bath containing liquid nitrogen that allows VOC vapor to condense. Another technique is the adsorption, widely used in the recovery of VOCs from the bioreactor, being a process based on the ability of a solid (e.g. adsorbent) to connect a gaseous component (e.g. adsorbate) to its surface (Saffarionpour and Ottens 2018). Membrane-based techniques have been used for more than two decades to recover VOCs. Two membrane-based techniques are pervaporation and pertraction. The principle of pervaporation is the separation of liquid mixtures by partial vaporization through a dense membrane with a gas flow. The same principle is applied in pertraction but the downstream state is a liquid phase (Feron et al. 1999; Try et al. 2018).
Biologic Drug Substance and Drug Product Manufacture
Published in Anthony J. Hickey, Sandro R.P. da Rocha, Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 2019
Ajit S. Narang, Mary E. Krause, Shelly Pizarro, Joon Chong Yee
This step can be bypassed for low viscosity, dilute cell suspensions by the use of fluidized or expanded bed technique. In this method, the cell culture medium is made to flow upwards through a bed of dense adsorbent particles. As the particles fluidize, expand, and float, the cells and fluid can get through while the adsorbate (target protein) is adsorbed on the adsorbent. High density of the adsorbent allows resettling of the column after flushing and washing of the culture medium. This method, however, is only applicable to low viscosity, low density cell cultures—and, hence, is difficult to implement for most modern high-density cell cultures.
Scylla Sp. Shell: a potential green adsorbent for wastewater treatment
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd Faizal, Nicky Rahmana Putra, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
The adsorbent regeneration for subsequent adsorption-desorption cycles affects the operational cost and sustainability of the process in a long run. The regeneration process should be carefully designed to preserve and restore the intrinsic properties of crab shell adsorbent. The regeneration step can be done via chemical (solvents), physical (heat, wave, electrical current), and biological (microorganisms) methods (Salvador et al.2015). The mechanisms are driven by thermal, pH change, extraction, and reaction/degradation (Salvador et al.2015, Dotto and McKay 2020). The regeneration will be more attractive when the adsorbent shows high selectivity and affinity toward certain adsorbate, from which the adsorbate can be recovered and purified for other uses. Sometimes, the regeneration produces more drawbacks than advantages, as in the case if it is costly than adsorbent preparation, employs toxic solvents, induces secondary pollution and endows poor adsorbent recovery (Dotto and McKay 2020).
Antitumor activities of carboplatin–doxorubicin–ZnO complexes in different human cancer cell lines (breast, cervix uteri, colon, liver and oral) under UV exposition
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Suttirak Pairoj, Pattareeya Damrongsak, Badin Damrongsak, Natini Jinawath, Rossukon Kaewkhaw, Chinnapat Ruttanasirawit, Tanaporn Leelawattananon, Kitsakorn Locharoenrat
ZnO has a mean diameter of approximately 50 nm (Figure 2). Due to the high ratio of surface active sites of the nanoadsorbent to adsorbate, the numbers of active adsorption sites were sufficient to accommodate adsorbates (chemo drugs), making them more superior in the targeted chemo drug delivery purposes. ZnO (zeta potential = 40 mV) surrounded by the layers of chemo drugs is affected by the viscosity and concentration of chemo drug solutions; thus, this affects the binding strength of drug-loaded ZnO (zeta potential = 17–24 mV). The aggregated particle size of drug-loaded ZnO had a mean value of 69–82 nm (Table 3).
Correlations between pore textures of activated carbons and Langmuir constants – case studies on methylene blue and congo red adsorption
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Fadina Amran, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
Generally, a superior performance of dye removal is dominated by activated carbons with greater surface area. The specific surface provides large active sites, thus enhancing the adsorbent-adsorbate interactions for adsorption. The pore width ranging between 2 and 50 nm (mesopore) is favorable in adsorption because dye molecules could easily penetrate and lodge onto the channel textures of activated carbon (Swan and Zaini 2019). The development of pores and textural properties of activated carbon depend on solid structure and carbon content of the precursor, type of chemical activator and activation conditions.