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Anticancer effect and co-chemotherapy of [1,2-epoxy-3(3-(3,4-dimetoksifenil)-4h-1-benzopiran-4on)] propane with Doxorubicin in breast cancer cell line MCF7
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
P.N. Namira, R. Nilapsari, R.A. Indriyanti, A.F. Sobandi
Interpretation of CI Value < 0.1 synergistic effect is very strong0.1–0.3 strong synergistic effect0.3–0.7 synergistic effect0.7–0.9 mild–moderate synergistic effect0.9–1.1 approaches the additive effect1,1–1.45 mild–moderate antagonistic effects1.45–3.3 antagonistic effects> 3.3 strong antagonistic effect–very strong
Caffeine and arousal: a biobehavioral theory of physiological, behavioral, and emotional effects
Published in B.S. Gupta, Uma Gupta, Caffeine and Behavior, 2020
Barry D. Smith, Kenneth Tola, Mark Mann
The predicted interactive effects of caffeine with other arousal agents have been reported in both blood pressure and electrodermal data. Some results are quite straightforward in showing that stress and caffeine demonstrate additive effects on blood pressure and other cardiovascular indicators.44,83,84In one such investigation, subjects were given caffeine (250 mg) or placebo, then subjected to stressful mental arithmetic, cold pressor, and static exercise tasks. The drug enhanced the impact of the stressors, yielding an additive effect on blood pressure.84 A more complex result was seen in the recent blood pressure study in my laboratories described above. Subjects under caffeine or placebo performing mental arithmetic and anagram tasks received harassment (e.g., “Come on, you can do better than that”) or no harassment over a series of trials. Results for SBP, DBP, and MAP were consistent in showing that caffeine without harassment produced an increase in pressure, while caffeine with harassment produced a decrease (Figure 6.5). This result supports the inverted-U postulate in that the combination of caffeine and stress pushed subjects past the peak of the function and produced a decrease in arousal output.
How to prevent adverse drug interactions - ADIs
Published in Hugh McGavock, How Drugs Work, 2017
Drugs with different pharmacological actions but similar therapeutic effects are often used together because of their additive effect. A good example is in the treatment of refractory hypertension, where modern guidelines recommend the use of moderate doses of two or more different antihypertensives rather than a maximum dose of a single drug, e.g. the combination of a calcium-channel blocker and an ACE inhibitor.
A growing evidence base for the fixed-dose combination of bisoprolol and amlodipine to manage hypertension
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2022
Ulrike Hostalek-Gottwald, Zbigniew Gaciong
Bisoprolol, a beta-blocker, and amlodipine, a CCB, are frequently used as monotherapies to manage hypertension. These two antihypertensive agents have different, complementary modes of action to reduce BP, and demonstrate an additive effect, making them suitable for combination therapy3,7,12. The FDC of bisoprolol and amlodipine (Concor AM, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) is indicated for the treatment of hypertension as substitution therapy in patients adequately controlled with individual products given concurrently at the same dose as in the combination, but as separate tablets13. Administration of these two drugs as a FDC improves patient adherence compared with the free-dose combination of bisoprolol and amlodipine7, and may reduce the burden of hypertension on health care systems7. FDCs of antihypertensive medications, including FDC bisoprolol and amlodipine, have the potential to provide an effective hypertension therapy in a single convenient daily dose.
Combination of Curcumin and Metformin Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis without Affecting the Cell Cycle in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cell Line
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Seyed Sadegh Eslami, Davod Jafari, Hamed Montazeri, Majid Sadeghizadeh, Parastoo Tarighi
According to the cell viability assay results, we aimed to determine the type of interaction between compounds regarding synergism, antagonism, and additive effects. The basis of this method is to evaluate the combination index based on Chou-Talalay’s equation (36). According to this equation, if the toxicity and lethality of the drug in question do not change after the combination, and the value remains constant, the two drugs will not interact with each other, which is known as additive effect (composition index, CI = 1). The CI > 1 indicates the antagonist effect; and CI < 1 represents synergistic effect between two compounds (36, 37). In this study, isobologram plotting and composition index calculation were performed by Compusyn software for analyzing the synergism, antagonism, or additive effects between the compounds.
Combination effect of nanoparticles on the acute pulmonary inflammogenic potential: additive effect and antagonistic effect
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Seonghan Lee, Dong-Keun Lee, Soyeon Jeon, Sung-Hyun Kim, Jiyoung Jeong, Jong Sung Kim, Jong Hyun Cho, Hyuntae Park, Wan-Seob Cho
In chemical toxicology, exposure to a mixture of chemicals can result in four types of combination effect: additive, synergistic, potentiation, and antagonistic effect. An additive effect means that the combined effect of agents is equal to the sum of each agent’s effect. A synergistic effect means that the combined effect of agents is greater to the sum of each agent’ effect. A potentiation effect means that a toxic agent becomes more toxic when it was co-exposed with one substance that does not have a toxic effect at a certain dose. An antagonistic effect means that the combined effect of agents is less to the sum of each agent’s effect. In some cases, one chemical can interact or modulate the biological effects of the other chemical directly or indirectly, which can cause unexpected toxicities due to several reasons including chemical reactions, modulation of toxicokinetics, or toxicodynamics (Klaassen and Watkins 2015). Therefore, the combined effects of chemicals have been extensively investigated to avoid the unexpected side effect of drugs and several in silico prediction models have been developed (Huang et al. 2015).