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Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects of Terpenes, Polyphenolics, and Other Non-Flavonoid Phytochemicals
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
In a similar study, berberine produced the same antidepressant effects in mice, including some with reserpine-induced depression-like behavior. In that case, the antidepressant-like effect was prevented by pretreatment with nitric oxide stimulators arginine or sildenafil, but enhanced nitric oxide simulators, by 7-nitroindazole or methylene blue.26 The latter findings suggest a role for inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. In yet another mouse study, antidepressant-like effects of berberine were due in part to blockade of organic cation transporters 2 and 3, which would have resulted in inhibition of reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.27
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of modafinil in a mouse model of neuropathic pain: A role for nitrergic and serotonergic pathways
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Hossein Ghorbanzadeh, Parastoo Mohebkhodaei, Mehran Nematizadeh, Nastaran Rahimi, Mahsa Rafeiean, Mehdi Ghasemi, Ahmad R. Dehpour
Modafinil, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI; a selective nNOS inhibitor), citalopram (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SSRI), aminoguanidine (a selective inducible NOS inhibitor), and L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME; a nonspecific NOS inhibitor) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Xylazine and ketamine were purchased from Alfasanco (Woerden, Holland) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), Tween 80, and formalin solution were bought from Merck Company (UK). Modafinil suspension was made using tween 80 1%. 7-NI was dissolved in DMSO 10%. Other chemicals were dissolved in saline. All drugs were prepared freshly before the experiments and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) in a volume of 10 ml/kg. Mouse-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for measuring IL-6 and TNF- α were bought from DuoSet (R&D systems, United States). Nitric Oxide assay kit was bought from ZellBio GmbH (Germany).
Exposure to Static and Extremely-Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Cellular Free Radicals
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2019
This is a review of the research on the effects on cellular free radicals after exposure to static- and extremely-low frequency (ELF, 0–300 Hz) non-ionizing electromagnetic field (EMF). In 1997, we first reported that melatonin, a potent antioxidant, and the spin-trap compound N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (that neutralizes free radicals) blocked a 60-Hz magnetic field-induced DNA strand break in cells of the rat brain (Lai and Singh 1997a, 1997b). Further experiment (Lai and Singh 2004) demonstrated similar inhibitory effects of Trolox (a vitamin E-analog anti-oxidant) and 7-nitroindazole (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). In addition, the effect could also be blocked by the iron chelator deferiprone suggesting the involvement of the iron-catalyzed Fenton Reaction that produces the potent cytotoxic hydroxyl free radical. These data indicated that the ELF magnetic field affected free radicals in cells leading to cellular molecular damages. There are now more than 200 papers published showing that static and ELF-EMF affect cellular free radical processes. A list of the papers is in the “supplementary material” included in the on-line version of this paper. There are rather strong indications that exposure to static- and ELF-EMF affects oxidative status in cells and animals. Many of the cellular oxidative and anti-oxidative components have been shown to be affected by the fields.
Lamotrigine as a mood stabilizer: insights from the pre-clinical evidence
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2019
Aline Silva de Miranda, Amanda Silva de Miranda, Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis from its precursor L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is dependent on the activation of NMDA receptors [90,91]. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that antidepressant properties of LTG might also be mediated by NO-dependent mechanisms. Antidepressant-like effects of NOS inhibitors have been demonstrated in previous studies [92–94]. Sub-effective dose of L-arginine (750 mg/kg, i.p., a substrate for NOS) injected in mice 30 min before the effective dose of LTG (10 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed its antidepressant-like effect in the FST. When sub-effective dose of LTG (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was co-administered with sub-effective doses of L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg, i.p., a non-specific NOS inhibitor) or 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, 30 mg/kg, a neuronal NOS inhibitor), there was decrease in the immobility time in the FST. Taken together, these findings support a role for NO in LTG-associated antidepressant actions [86].