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Aquatic Plants Native to America
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Bianca D. Fibrich, Jacqueline Maphutha, Carel B. Oosthuizen, Danielle Twilley, Khan-Van Ho, Chung-Ho Lin, Leszek P. Vincent, T. N. Shilpa, N. P. Deepika, B. Duraiswamy, S. P. Dhanabal, Suresh M. Kumar, Namrita Lall
Additional studies revealed the presence of luteolinidin-5-glycoside, α-asarone, and methylisoeugenol (Della Greca et al. 1989, Pieterse et al. 1977). Volatile furanes, fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, terpenoids, alkanes, aldehydes, and nitrogenous compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of an organic pentane extract of A. filiculoides. The range of compounds identified includes trans-2-hexenal, cis-3-hexanol, n-hexanal, n-hexadecane, 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexanone, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-heptanone, n-heptanol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, n-heptadecane, 2-heptadecanon, pentylfuran, 2-pentradecanone, n-pentadecane, n-pentadecanal, n-octane, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octanone, n-octanal, n-octanol, n-nananone, n-nananal, n-nonanol, 2-decanone, n-decanal, n-decanol, 2-undecanone, n-tetradecane, n-tridecanal, isolimonene, acetylpyridine, acetophenone, 4-ketoisophorone, safranal, geraniol, trans-β-ionone-epoxide, β-ionone, palmitic acid, and phytol acetate (Figure 4.9) (Pereira et al. 2009).
Identification of odor biomarkers in irradiation injury urine based on headspace SPME-GC-MS
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Xin Wu, Tong Zhu, Hongbing Zhang, Lu Lu, Xin He, Changxiao Liu, Sai-jun Fan
To further determine the diagnostic ability of differentially expressed metabolites to distinguish TBI from control rats, we conducted ROC curve analysis, with the aim to identify odor biomarkers of irradiation injury with high sensitivity and specificity. ROC curve analysis is widely applied to intuitively evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers, and area under the curve (AUC) is an effective indicator to reflect the diagnostic ability. Typically, the AUC value higher than 0.9 is considered as excellent ability of discrimination. According to this criterion, we screened ten differentially expressed metabolites with AUC > 0.9, which can be used as reliable biomarker to diagnose TBI injury (Figure 5 and Table 2). The detailed information is given in Table S1. As described above, 10 odor biomarkers confirmed in irradiation injury urine were as follows: p-Cresol; Ethylbenzene; 2-methyl-3-Hexanol; 2-Hexanone; 3-methyl-2-Hexanone; N-(2-octyl)-Glutarimide; 2,6,6-trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-ol; 3-Methyl-hepta-1,6-dien-3-ol; 2-methyl-1-Penten-3-one; 3-methyl-4-(methylthio)-Phenol.
Modulatory role of rutin on 2,5-hexanedione-induced chromosomal and DNA damage in rats: validation of computational predictions
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Aliyu Muhammad, David Ebuka Arthur, Sanusi Babangida, Ochuko L. Erukainure, Ibrahim Malami, Hadiza Sani, Aliyu Waziri Abdulhamid, Idayat Omoyemi Ajiboye, Ahmed Ariyo Saka, Nafisa Muhammed Hamza, Suleiman Asema, Zaharaddeen Muhammad Ado, Taibat Ishaq Musa
Toxicology encompasses determining the biochemical fates and effects of environmentally friendly toxic xenobiotics at particular doses/concentrations, a condition normally encountered by most inhabitants in industrialized countries. Example of such xenobiotic is 2,5-hexanedione which is the major toxic metabolite after n-hexane metabolism. Human exposure to n-hexane display numbness and tingling sensation in the toes and fingers, followed by progressive weakness particularly in distal legs coupled with neurotoxicity (Wang et al.2016, 2017). Indeed, n-hexane, after accidental or otherwise exposure is absorbed into circulation and mobilized to the liver, the major site of xenobiochemistry. While in the liver, n-hexane is metabolized to various metabolites that are then equilibrated in the blood to various organs and tissues, including the liver, kidney, and brain (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2005). It is initially hydroxylated by the action of mixed function oxidases to form either 1- or 3-hexanol in a detoxification pathway or 2-hexanol in a bioactivation pathway. Via bioactivation channel, 2-hexanol is converted to 2-hexanone and 2,5-hexanediol. Both of these metabolites are then further metabolized to 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 2,5-hexanedione, and 4,5-dihydroxy-2-hexanone. 2,5-Hexanedione is believed to be the major toxic metabolite produced in humans (Perbellini et al. 1990, Cardona et al. 1996, Mayan et al. 2002, Song et al. 2012). It is implicated in oxidative stress, apoptosis (Li et al. 2017), and compromised on the part of tissues integrity (Muhammad et al. 2015, Liu et al. 2016). The blood, brain, liver, kidney, heart, lungs, and pancreas participate in different active biochemical processes involving oxidative metabolism and transport functions, respectively (Adedara et al. 2014), hence the basis of their usage in this communication.