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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Joel J. Kirschbaum, Adorjan Aszalos
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins were analyzed in serum using an octadecylsilane column and a mobile phase of water-acetonitrile-0.2 M ammonium acetate, pH 5.6 (62:28:10). Flow rates were 1 ml/min for oxacillin, cloxacillin, methicillin, and nafcillin, and 3 ml/min was used for dicloxacillin. Drug concentrations as low as 0.5 βg/ml could be measured with linearity from 0 to 128 βg/ml. Serum (0.4 ml) was mixed with an equal volume of acetonitrile, mixed for 10 sec, slowly shaken for 15 min, and then centrifuged for 10 min at 3000 g. The supernatant fluid was decanted into a screw-top test tube, and 4.0 ml of CH2CI2 was added. After mixing for 10 sec, shaking for 10 min, and recentrifugation, a portion of the upper (aqueous) layer was injected. Results were verified using microbiological assays [140].
Summary of Experience in Radiation Litigation
Published in Kenneth L. Miller, Handbook of Management of Radiation Protection Programs, 2020
Kerry Andrus Crocker, a petroleum engineer, had two sons, Kirk, age 13, and Patrick, age 9, at the time of his divorce in February 1971. By agreement he had custody of the boys 2 weekends a month and 1 month a year. In November 1971, he obtained a license to possess a 1-Ci source of 137Cs, amended in March of 1972, to 2 sources of 2-Ci each, for oil well logging purposes. There is no record that the sources were ever used for this purpose. Beginning in April 1972 and continuing until January 1973, a series of episodes occurred in which Kirk was apparently deliberately exposed by his father to the 137Cs sources. In the recalled events the boy was given orange juice with a pill at bedtime. On several occasions he awakened to find small cylinders in his bed and at least twice there was nausea and vomiting the next day. He developed a rash that progressed to an ulcer of his thighs, thumb, and ankle. He was hospitalized and seen by multiple consultants including a psychiatrist, but it was not until December 1973 that Dr. Cronin, a plastic surgeon, consulted because of the ulcers, recognized radiation necrosis. A radiotherapist concurred and a urologist reported one testis “sloughed out” and the other damaged beyond recovery. Some 16 surgical procedures were necessary to repair the damage, but the boy was castrated. At trial, expert witnesses were in agreement as to causation and Kerry Andrus Crocker was convicted on May 10, 1978. An appeal was based on ten separate errors in the trial court but Judge Douglas affirmed the conviction and Judge Odom concurred.
Clinical Effects of 2C-B Abuse
Published in Ornella Corazza, Andres Roman-Urrestarazu, Handbook of Novel Psychoactive Substances, 2018
Esther Papaseit, Clara Pérez-Mañá, Débora González, Francina Fonseca, Marta Torrens, Magí Farré
In 2013, almost half of the GDS respondents (n = 2,282, 46.4%) reported lifetime use of at least one NPS. With regard to psychedelic phenethylamines, 21.7% described lifetime use, with 18.4% corresponding to the 2C series and 2C-B being the most widely consumed (n = 291, 12.9%) (Palamar, Barratt, Ferris, & Winstock, 2016). In Australia, in a survey among regular ecstasy users, in the previous six months, 44% had consumed an NPS of which 2C-B (8%) and 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-I) (14%) were the most prevalent (Burns et al., 2014).
Galactosylated iron oxide nanoparticles for enhancing oral bioavailability of ceftriaxone
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2021
Muhammad Kawish, Tooba Jabri, Abdelbary Elhissi, Hina Zahid, Kanwal Muhammad Iqbal, Komal Rao, Jasra Gul, Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Raza Shah
Twelve albino rabbits (averaging 1.2 kg body weight) were obtained from Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS) Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan in order to analyze the pharmacokinetic behavior of CFT when loaded onto MNPs. The study was endorsed form "Board of the ethical use of animal in research", International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (Protocol number 2018-0019). The animals were divided randomly into three groups (n = 4 per group). The animals were housed under well-maintained temperature conditions (25 ± 1 °C) with standard diet provided. Animals fasted for 12 h before the study but with free access to water. The oral solutions of CFT were given to the animals in groups 1 and 2 through feeding tubes at 25 and 50 mg/Kg body weight. The animals in group 3 were fed with CFT-MNP-LBA suspension at 25.0 mg/Kg body weight. At various time intervals within 24 h, blood samples (1 ml) were collected by marginal ear vein with insulin plastic syringe, and plasma was isolated via centrifugation at 5,000 rpm and stored at −20˚C for further use. Pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC0-24, Tmax, T1/2, CI, MRT and Cmax were established by drug plasma concentration curves of reference and CFT-MNP-LBA formulation bearing drugs in animal blood plasma.
Evaluation of a novel bimodal fitting formula in Advanced Bionics cochlear implant recipients
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2020
Sarah E. Warren, M. Noelle Dunbar, Cassandra Bosworth, Smita Agrawal
After the acute sound quality comparison, two identical study HAs were programed for each participant. One study HA was randomly selected to be fit with the NAL-NL2 formula, and a second study HA was fit with the APDB formula (Advanced Bionics, 2016a). Fine-tuning adjustments were made based on subjective feedback. Speech perception testing was conducted in a double walled soundbooth. AzBio Sentences (Spahr et al., 2012) were presented as the target stimuli at 60 dBA. Multitalker babble was used as the interferer. The interferer was presented at each participant’s individualized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), where his or her CI-only score in quiet was decreased by approximately 50% after addition of the interferer. Target stimuli and interferer were presented from a co-located loudspeaker (S0N0), approximately 1 meter from the listener. Participants were tested in three device conditions: (1) CI only, (2) CI and the study HA programed with NAL-NL2 formula (CI + HANALNL2), and (3) CI and the study HA programed with APDB (CI + HAAPDB). Two lists of twenty sentences were administered for each test condition. The order in which the two fitting formulae were evaluated was randomized across the participants.
Low dose-rate irradiation with [3H]-labelled valine to selectively target hypoxic cells in a human colorectal cancer xenograft model
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2018
Stine Gyland Mikalsen, Lars Tore Gyland Mikalsen, Joe Alexander Sandvik, Eva-Katrine Aarnes, Siri Fenne, Kjersti Flatmark, Heidi Lyng, Nina Frederike Jeppesen Edin, Erik Olai Pettersen
HT29 colorectal cancer cells were irradiated with ultra-low dose-rate irradiation delivered by [3H]-valine incorporated into cellular protein. The dose-rate to the nuclei was determined by using a micro dosimetry model [20]. We measured the activity at steady-state (minimum 100 h after [3H]-valine supplement) in whole cells and nuclei when 1.6 Ci/mole of [3H]-valine was added to the medium. The activity measured was 3, respectively. The corresponding parameter values from the model were S(N←N) = 5.58 × 10−4 Gy/Bq s and S(N←Cy) = 1.30 × 10−4 Gy/Bq s, where the S-value estimates absorbed dose rate per unit activity to the nucleus from decays either in the nucleus or cytoplasm. The dose-rate to nuclei by [3H]-valine irradiation was estimated to be 12 mGy/h. To achieve a dose rate of 15 mGy/h, which was used in our previous studies on T-47D breast cancer cells [13], 2 Ci/mole [3H]-valine was therefore added to the medium. A dose-rate of 2.5 mGy/h was achieved by 1:5 dilution of the medium containing 2 Ci/mole [3H]-valine.