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Nutraceutical Intervention for Treatment of Alcoholism and Drinking Problems
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
Both T. iboga and Voacanga africana are perennial shrubs innate to Central Africa and belongs to family Apocynaceae. They are largely used in customary African medicine. The root bark of T. iboga comprises ibogaine as its major alkaloid, although Ibogaine is one of some naturally occurring alkaloids found in V. africana. The psychoactive indole alkaloid known as ibogaine is used to treat cravings of alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine. Ibogaine is present in the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga that acts on the serotonin, dopamine, and opioid receptors to decrease substance cravings. The stimulating, fatigue-, thirst-, and hunger-ameliorating effects of ibogaine are well known since times immemorial. The preclinical evidence indicates that ibogaine considerably affect morphine and cocaine after self-administration in rodents. Recently, ibogaine has been testified to markedly decrease voluntary liquor consumption in alcohol-preferring rats. The dropping effect of ibogaine on alcohol intake was detected only when ibogaine was injected intraperitoneally or intragastrically and not subcutaneously, suggesting that the bioactive principle of ibogaine could be a metabolite produced by the liver. It has been found that ibogaine can be toxic in high doses, so an ibogaine analog, known as 18-methoxycoronaridine, has been developed to produce the same antiaddiction effects as ibogaine but without the toxic side effects. Iboga acts on the neurotransmitters that control drinking behavior and helps to reduce cravings and subdue extreme drinking (Carai et al., 2000).
A Mixed-Method Analysis of Persisting Effects Associated with Positive Outcomes Following Ibogaine Detoxification
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2018
Alan K. Davis, Elise Renn, Austin-Marley Windham-Herman, Martin Polanco, Joseph P. Barsuglia
Our results also highlight the importance of persisting psychological and spiritual insights gained during the ibogaine session, which were reported to a higher degree in treatment responders compared to non-responders. This raises the question of whether the insightful or mystical effects engendered by ibogaine are a necessary component of the experience, similar to the mystical experience found to be associated with persisting changes following psilocybin administration in clinical trials (e.g., Griffiths et al. 2006, 2011), and thus required to catalyze a therapeutic outcome. Although research using non-psychedelic congeners of the ibogaine molecule (e.g., 18-methoxycoronaridine; Rezvani et al. 2016) supports the potential of this substance in reducing substance use in animal models, these endeavors may limit the therapeutic role of the acute psychedelic experience in humans. For example, research on the applications of LSD and psilocybin in the treatment of addiction demonstrates that their efficacy is, in part, due to their ability to occasion mystical experiences, which in turn have lasting effects on personality and outlook (Bogenschutz and Johnson 2016). Thus, the role of the psychedelic experience can be one of visions and breakthrough psychological insights that are not merely an unwanted side-effect but are a primary therapeutic mechanism. This hypothesis awaits future research using rigorous experimental designs.
Treatment of opioid use disorder with ibogaine: detoxification and drug use outcomes
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2018
Thomas Kingsley Brown, Kenneth Alper
Consistent with its apparent effect in opioid detoxification in humans, ibogaine administered intraperitoneally or intracerebrally to animals reduces naloxone- or naltrexone-precipitated opioid withdrawal signs, in rats (12–15), mice (16–19), and primates (20,21). Single dosages of ibogaine administered to rodents diminish self-administration of multiple abused substances including morphine (22–25), heroin (26), cocaine (24,25,27–29), amphetamine (30), and alcohol (31), with normal responding for water. A notable aspect of these self-administration studies has been the observation of a treatment effect of a duration of 48 to 72 hours averaged for the entire sample, with sustained effects for longer time intervals in individual animals. Both ibogaine and its synthetic structural analog 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC) diminish an experimental correlate of drug salience, the sensitized response of dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens in response to morphine (32,33) and nicotine (34,35).