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Chemistry of Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Allylic oxidation followed by lactonization rather than cleavage can, obviously, lead to lactones. Reduction of the acid function to the corresponding alcohols or aldehydes is also possible as are hydrogenation and elimination reactions. Thus, a wide variety of aliphatic entities are made available. Some examples are shown in Figure 6.5 to illustrate the diversity that exists. The hydrocarbon (E,Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene (12) is an important contributor to the odor of galbanum. Simple aliphatic alcohols and ethers are found, the occurrence of 1-octanol (13) in olibanum and methyl hexyl ether (14) in lavender being examples. Aldehydes are often found as significant odor components of oils, for example, decanal (15) in orange oil and (E)-4-decenal (16) in caraway and cardamom. The ketone 2-nonanone (17) that occurs in rue and hexyl propionate (18), a component of lavender, is just one of a plethora of esters that are found. The isomeric lactones γ-decalactone (19) and δ-decalactone (20) are found in osmanthus (Essential Oils Database, 2006). Acetylenes also occur as essential oil components, often as polyacetylenes such as methyl deca-2-en-4,6,8-triynoate (21), which is a component of Artemisia vulgaris.
Incorporation of PEGylated δ-decalactone into lipid bilayers: thermodynamic study and chimeric liposomes development
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2020
Natassa Pippa, Athanasios Skouras, Nikolaos Naziris, Francesca Biondo, Mattia Tiboni, Hector Katifelis, Maria Gazouli, Costas Demetzos, Luca Casettari
δ-Decalactone is a natural aliphatic product of Cryptocaryamassoia (the flowering plant Lauraceae) approved by the FDA as a flavouring agent and the ring opening of this monomer leads to the synthesis of the corresponding polymer poly(δ-decalactone) (PDL) (Martello et al.2012). PDL is a biodegradable polymer that has a flexible main chain, which results in an amorphous state and a low glass transition temperature. Furthermore, the presence of the alkyl side chain increases the lipophilicity of the polymer, without affecting its degradation rate. The latter depends on the ester groups’ distance and is considered to be important in drug delivery applications, increasing drug loading efficiency, whereas it may also provide a structural advantage, disrupting condensed packing. PDL-derived amphiphilic block copolymers have been reported to have great potential as drug delivery systems (DDS) and to this end, their simultaneous incorporation with lipids in the same nano-assembly and the formulation of a biodegradable DDS from renewable sources with innovative properties were the endeavour of this study (Bansal et al.2015).