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Voice and Speech Production
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Paul Carding, Lesley Mathieson
The basic characteristic of the nasal consonants (m, n, ng) is that air escapes through the nose. The air is prevented from passing through the mouth by obstructive lip or tongue articulation and the soft palate is lowered to allow nasal air escape. The soft palate is raised for all other standard consonants and vowels. Inadequate velopharyngeal competence will result in inappropriate ‘nasalization’ of non-nasal consonants and vowels. Permanent obstruction in the nasopharynx and lower nasal passages will result in ‘denasalization’ of nasal consonants.
Current evaluation and management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2022
Juan Carlos Ceballos Cantu, Isam Alobid, Joaquim Mullol
Regarding the extent of ESS, some studies advocate ‘full house’ surgery, which includes a complete sphenoidotomy and a Draf IIA frontal sinusotomy rather than excising only the affected sinuses. This is because there is less need for revision surgery and greater improvement of nasal symptoms have been reported in patients with more extensive surgery [56,57]. This has led to the description of three distinct maximal approaches: nasalization, Draf III (endoscopic Lothrop), and the ‘re-boot’ [58]. These approaches have been suggested for recalcitrant CRSwNP cases, as they seems to reduce nasal polyp recurrence rates [59,60]. The nasalization procedure aggressively removes ethmoidal mucosa and middle turbinates, causing healing and the production of new, normal mucosa. The Draf III removes the bone and mucosa of the floor of the frontal sinuses, maximizing the frontal sinus access for topical corticosteroids. The ‘re-boot’ procedure essentially combines aggressive mucosal resection with Draf III. All three approaches are indicated for recurrent T2 CRSwNP with a lot of studies to be done comparing them in order to clarify their specific indications and benefits [61].
Normative nasalance scores for Vietnamese-speaking children
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2019
Van Thai Nguyen, Lagle Lehes, Thi Thuy Hang Truong, Thi Van Anh Hoang, Triin Jagomägi
Explanations for similarities and differences in nasalance scores among languages are ‘the phonetic characteristics of the test words themselves, the ratio of high vowels, the phonetic composition of the speech stimuli and vowel nasalization’ (11). Lower nasalance scores in Japanese than in English for oral stimuli was possibly related to phonological characteristics. Japanese sentences are composed of a various combination of vowels and consonant-vowel sequences. It leads to more vowels in the speech stimuli than in English. More vowels, in turn, resulted in an increase in the oral energy and then decrease the nasalance score (35). Although the percentage of nasal phonemes was higher in Cantonese (17.2%) than in English (11.5%) for the Rainbow passage, the mean nasalance scores of the two languages were relatively close: 35.28% for Cantonese and 34-36% for English (20). Higher mean nasalance scores for American and Spanish speakers for oral stimuli than Greek speakers could be explained by vowel nasalization in American speakers and some nasalization of non-nasal segments such as vowel nasalization, or strong coarticulation of nasal-oral sequences in Spanish speakers (33). Malayalam has six nasal consonants, which are frequently used and high prevalence of vowel nasalization; it accounts for very high nasalance scores (27).
Using visual feedback to tune the second vocal tract resonance for singing in the high soprano range
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2022
Marie Jeanneteau, Noel Hanna, André Almeida, John Smith, Joe Wolfe
Before attending the experimental tuning session, participants were asked to practise two exercises. The first involved learning how to open and close the glottis. The second involved using nasalisation to learn how to raise and to lower the velum. Details are given in the supplementary file.