China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Case 2.12
Published in Monica Fawzy, Plastic Surgery Vivas for the FRCS(Plast), 2023
You mention that this is a lobular type microtia. Which classification is that based on?The Nagata classification divides microtias based on the remnants present intolobular type,conchal type,small conchal type,atypical microtia, andanotia.
The External Ear
Published in Raymond W Clarke, Diseases of the Ear, Nose & Throat in Children, 2023
A child with microtia presents to the ENT surgeon within the first few weeks or months of life, but a decision with regards to definitive surgical correction is best left for several years. Parents will be anxious and will need careful counselling and support, including a full early discussion with a team experienced in the management of this condition and what the possibilities are. The default option – and by far the best approach in the first few years – is simply to observe, and plan intervention as needed when the child is much older.
Microtia and External Ear Abnormalities
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Microtia is a congenital abnormality in which the pinna (auricle) is malformed (see Figure 16.3b). This malformation, or underdevelopment, may be associated with congenital canal atresia or canal stenosis. The incidence of microtia has been reported to be 1 in 10 000 and environmental and genetic factors are suggested aetiological factors.10 CCA often accompanies significant microtia. Results following surgical correction of CCA (canaloplasty) are often disappointing, with a significant risk of chronic discharge and the persisting requirement for amplification. Children with canal stenosis, and those who have undergone canaloplasty, are at risk of developing a canal cholesteatoma and require regular monitoring and interval radiological surveillance.
Post-marketing surveillance for the safety of the 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine: a retrospective real-world study in China
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2023
Ruogu Meng, Rui Ma, Jianmei Wang, Peipei Liu, Zuoxiang Liu, Bingjie He, Zhike Liu, Yu Yang, Siyan Zhan
Although the 9vHPV vaccine is not recommended for use during pregnancy, sometimes it is inadvertently administered. A total of 80 women with maternal exposure to the 9vHPV vaccine were reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System in the United States between 2014 and 2017 [11]. Our study also observed a small proportion of women who received the 9vHPV vaccine around pregnancy. The only adverse event that was reported during the study period of more than 2 years in the Ningbo city among the infants born to these mothers was one case of microtia. To date, no unfavorable pregnancy outcomes associated with maternal exposure to the 9vHPV vaccine have been identified. A cohort study analyzing data from seven sites in the Vaccine Safety Datalink found that the 9vHPV vaccine administration during or around the time of pregnancy was uncommon and not associated with structural birth defects [7]. A number of factors may confound the association of the 9vHPV vaccine administration with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including medications taken during pregnancy, occupational exposures, and family history. And the information of these potential confounders is not available in the NRHIP. We therefore did not investigate the association in our study. Data on the epidemiology of microtia in China is limited. In studies conducted in China and worldwide, microtia was reported in approximately 1 to 5 per 10,000 births [26–28].
Auricular reconstruction using Medpor combined with different hearing rehabilitation approaches for microtia
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Chenyan Jiang, Chen Zhao, Bin Chen, Lixin Lu, Yuxin Sun, Xiaojun Yan, Bin Yi, Hao Wu, Runjie Shi
Microtia is a congenital anomaly of the ear that ranges in severity from mild structural abnormalities to complete absence of the ear, and it can occur as an isolated birth defect or as part of a spectrum of anomalies or a syndrome. The reported prevalence varies worldwide, from 0.83 to 17.4 per 10,000 births, and the prevalence is considered to be higher in Hispanics, Asians, Native Americans, and Andeans [1]. The incidence in China is approximately 5.18 per 10,000 births, with bilateral microtia accounting for 10% of the cases. Microtia is often associated with hearing loss and psychological disorders, especially in patients with bilateral microtia. It has been established that children with unilateral hearing have more difficulty with sound localization and understanding of background noise [2]. In addition, they are 10 times more likely than their normal-hearing peers to fail a grade, have behavioural problems, and require additional educational resources [3]. These patients are in urgent need of treatment for hearing impairment and surgical ear reconstruction. Reconstructive surgery should aim not only to correct facial defects but also to improve hearing function, so that these children become better and more confident in integrating into the surrounding environment. Currently, the feasible methods of hearing reconstruction for congenital microtia include traditional auditory canal and middle ear repair (EACR) and implantation of bone-conducting hearing aids such as bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA) [4], Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) [5], and Bonebridge (BB) [6].
Exploring how parents of children with unilateral hearing loss make habilitation decisions: a qualitative study
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
Saira Hussain, Helen Pryce, Amy Neary, Amanda Hall
All but one of the children were screened and identified through the newborn hearing screening programme (including referrals straight to Audiology departments for the children who had microtia), and one through the Health Visitor screening programme (which preceded newborn screening), suggesting congenital unilateral hearing loss. All parents have had professional contact with Audiologists and a Teacher of the Deaf (at various stages through their journey). All of the families have seen other health professionals ranging from Paediatricians, Ear, Nose and Throat consultants, maxillofacial surgeons and speech and language therapists. Out of the twenty two children, sixteen either wore a hearing aid, BAHA or BAHA on a soft band. Surgery was offered to the two children with conductive unilateral hearing loss and one of them took this up. There were eleven children with microtia, one of whom had gone through the ear reconstruction process with another in the process of obtaining a detachable prosthetic ear. For details of the participants, please see Table 2.