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Anatomy overview
Published in Stephanie Martin, Working with Voice Disorders, 2020
It should, however, be remembered that the process and effects of ageing are very arbitrary. Circumstantial factors that can influence ageing include lifestyle choices, smoking, alcohol abuse, diet, environmental or workplace factors such as dust or chemical vapours, certain digestive diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux or pharyngolaryngeal reflux. As already noted, for some individuals ageing does not equal vocal deterioration because their maintenance of respiratory function and mobility assures vocal quality. For others, however, ageing may bring limited mobility, multiple medications and lack of motivation or opportunity to communicate, so leading to an increasing decline in vocal quality and communicative efficacy and efficiency. Key to maintaining and preserving vocal power and vocal efficiency is to consider aspects over which the individual has control, such as physical exercise, hydration, dental care and diet. Aspects over which the individual has less control, such as reduced hearing acuity, should also be considered. Hearing acuity reduces with age and presbycusis is known to occur in over half of all people over 60 years (Deafness Research UK, www.deafnessresearch.org.uk). Auditory feedback is of course an essential tool in monitoring and controlling vocal quality and, for an older person, in preserving and enhancing communication channels.
Motor Aspects of Lateralization: Evidence for Evaluation of the Hypotheses of Chapter 8
Published in Robert Miller, Axonal Conduction Time and Human Cerebral Laterality, 2019
Overall, evidence using the delayed auditory feedback paradigm gives some support to the prediction that matching of an internal and a feedback representation of auditory consequences of an action is important for preplanned performance, especially of speech. However, the effects shown are capricious, and the evidence cannot bear the full burden of proof of the hypotheses at issue in this section.
Feedback-Based Technologies for Adult Physical Rehabilitation
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer, Everyday Technologies in Healthcare, 2019
Leanne Hassett, Natalie Allen, Maayken van den Berg
Extrinsic feedback can be visual, auditory or haptic (i.e. via touch). Most technologies use a combination of these, with some recreational gaming technologies providing constant and overlapping feedback from different modalities (Deutsch et al., 2011). People in the general population and those with neurological impairments show improved learning of motor skills when any modality of extrinsic feedback is provided compared to no feedback (Schmidt and Wrisberg, 2008; Magill and Anderson, 2014; Mak and Hui-Chan, 2008; Sackley and Lincoln, 1997; Hebert et al., 1998). However, studies with people following stroke suggest that auditory feedback may be particularly important for them (Cirstea and Levin, 2007; Maulucci and Eckhouse, 2001; Secoli et al., 2011). Most gaming technologies used in rehabilitation provide KR using both visual and auditory feedback. Visual feedback often takes the form of pictures and text indicating the level of success, whereas auditory feedback takes the form of sounds indicating if the outcome was successful or unsuccessful. However, KP is typically provided as visual feedback only, using graphs to illustrate characteristics of the movement, an avatar on the screen representing the user’s movements or an object responding to the user’s movements.
Designing an app for home-based enriched Music-supported Therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic stroke: a pilot feasibility study
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Emma Segura, Jennifer Grau-Sánchez, David Sanchez-Pinsach, Myriam De la Cruz, Esther Duarte, Josep Lluis Arcos, Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
Musical training is increasingly recognized as a useful tool to enhance motor and cognitive functions as well as QoL in patients with stroke (23). Musical activities provide a multimodal experience that requires the simultaneous activation of different brain areas. These areas are involved in sensory-motor function, auditory processing, emotional processing, and cognitive functions such as memory and attention (24,25). When playing a musical instrument, the immediate auditory feedback provided by the instrument is used to adjust future movements and reinforce motor learning (26–28). Musical training can provide enjoyment, stress relief, and distraction from negative cognitive states and from physical effort (24,29,30). Moreover, learning to play an instrument involves acquiring a new skill set enabling patients to gain a sense of competence (28). These effects can feed intrinsic motivation to adhere to motor exercises in which music is present (31).
Virtual reality-based wheelchair simulators: A scoping review
Published in Assistive Technology, 2020
Sara Arlati, Vera Colombo, Giancarlo Ferrigno, Rinaldo Sacchetti, Marco Sacco
The WSs identified in this review made use of various visualization devices with different characteristics in terms of immersion, field of view (FOV) and stereoscopy, as summarized in Figure 3. Only a few examples of WSs (n = 14) found in the literature considered the design of auditory displays (Table 1). Most of these foresaw the employment of auditory cues in response to the user’s interaction with objects. In some cases, auditory feedback was used to provide instructions or motivational messages during the training. A few solutions included music playing in background (Adelola, Cox, & Rahman, 2009), sounds marking the beginning and the end of the exercise (Rodriguez, 2015) or stereoscopic sounds aimed at increasing realism and engagement (Anthierens, Impagliazzo, Dupuis, & Richard, 2006; Crichlow, Fernie, Campos, & Grant, 2012; Inman, Loge, Cram, & Peterson, 2011).
Computer vision technology-based face mirroring system providing mirror therapy for Bell’s palsy patients
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Li Ding, Li Li, Zhimin Xu, Jing Tian, Shugeng Chen, Hewei Wang, Ming Yang, Xiao Cui, Lianying Cao, Jie Jia
Auditory feedback was widely used in virtual reality technology for visual fidelity perception and better immersion [40,41]. However, there were few studies emphasizing the auditory perception on embodiment. One of the reasons might be that the auditory feedback used in the previous studies was extrinsic. In our study, the enunciation provided intrinsic combinations consisting of speech paired auditory feedback and visuo-proprioceptive feedback for BP, where the effect on facial embodiment was investigated for the first time. Our study provided evidence that embodiment was enhanced when enunciating using both apparatuses, comparing with rest phase (Figure 4). A possible interpretation of this finding is that the combination of speech during facial motion may enhance attention, which requires more cognitive process and extends the immersion [42]. This result suggested that speech paired facial exercises may be a better strategy in clinic to increase embodiment of face for MT in BP.