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Arthroscopic hip preservation surgery
Published in K. Mohan Iyer, Hip Preservation Techniques, 2019
In this location, the mechanical resistance of the labrum to traction (associated with instability) and compression (associated with femoroacetabular impingement) is less compared to all other regions. Acetabular labral tears are usually a consequence of bone deformity, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), trauma, degeneration, dysplasia, capsular laxity, instability, and supraphysiological movements of the hip. It is believed that labral tears rarely occur in the absence of bony abnormalities. Labral lesions are associated with chondropathy with delamination of the acetabular cartilage; the cartilage sheet appears like a wave when separated from the underlying bone, described as a wave sign (Figure 26.9).
Advances in Hip Arthroscopy
Published in K. Mohan Iyer, Hip Joint in Adults: Advances and Developments, 2018
At this location, the mechanical resistance of the labrum to traction (associated with instability) and compression (associated with FAI) is less compared to all the other regions. Functionally it acts as a sealant, enhances fluid lubrication and maintains synovial pressure and under negative pressure, it provides stability to the hip and prevents excessive contact pressure between the cartilages of the acetabulum and the femoral head. Acetabular labral tears are usually a consequence of bone deformity, FAI, trauma, degeneration, dysplasia, capsular laxity, instability and supraphysiological movements of the hip. It is believed that labral tears rarely occur in the absence of bony abnormalities. Labral lesions are associated with chondropathy, with delamination of the acetabular cartilage; the cartilage sheet appears like a wave when separated from the underlying bone, described as a wave sign (Fig. 12.7).
Treating osteoarthritis pain: mechanisms of action of acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and nerve growth factor antibodies
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Yvonne D’Arcy, Patrick Mantyh, Tony Yaksh, Sean Donevan, Jerry Hall, Mojgan Sadrarhami, Lars Viktrup
In the context of OA, synovial specimens from patients with advanced OA show increased levels of NGF compared with non-OA specimens [113]. A similar increase in NGF is seen in synovial specimens with painful chondropathy compared with specimens from patients with non-painful chondropathy [113]. These findings suggest that NGF and the presence of pain are correlated in OA joints. A variety of cells within the OA joint are possible sources of NGF, including synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes [114,115]. Murine cartilage explants, for example, synthesize and release NGF in response to mechanical stress in vitro [114]. NGF, TrkA, and overall density of nerve fibers are increased in the synovium of the knee in patients with painful OA compared with asymptomatic controls [51]. Overall, these observations suggest a role, to some extent, for NGF in OA-related pain.
Platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: an expert opinion and proposal for a novel classification and coding system
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2020
Elizaveta Kon, Berardo Di Matteo, Diego Delgado, Brian J Cole, Andrea Dorotei, Jason L Dragoo, Giuseppe Filardo, Lisa A Fortier, Alberto Giuffrida, Chris H Jo, Jeremy Magalon, Gerard A Malanga, Allan Mishra, Norimasa Nakamura, Scott A Rodeo, Steven Sampson, Mikel Sánchez
A literature search was carried out on the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and PEDro databases on 15 March 2020, using the following keywords that were combined together to achieve maximum search strategy sensitivity: ‘PRP,’ ‘platelet rich plasma,’ ‘platelet gel,’ ‘platelet derived growth factors,’ ‘platelet concentrate,’ ‘PRGF,’ ‘ACP,’ ‘autologous conditioned plasma,’ ‘platelet lysate,’ ‘platelet rich fibrin,’ ‘platelet rich membrane,’ ‘platelet derived,’ ‘autologous protein solution’ in association with: ‘meta-analysis’ and in association with: ‘osteoarthritis,’ ‘OA,’ ‘chondropathy,’ ‘articular degeneration,’ ‘cartilage.’