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The shoulder and pectoral girdle
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Shape The two sides should be compared. Asymmetry of the shoulders, winging of the scapula, wasting of the deltoid, supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles and acromioclavicular dislocation are best seen from behind; swelling of the acromioclavicular or sternoclavicular joint or wasting of the pectoral muscles is more obvious from the front. A joint effusion causes swelling anteriorly and occasionally ‘points’ in the axilla. Wasting of the deltoid suggests a nerve lesion whereas wasting of the supraspinatus may be due to either a full-thickness tear or a suprascapular nerve lesion. The typical ‘Popeye’ bulge of a ruptured biceps is more easily seen if the elbow is flexed.
Scapular fractures
Published in Charles M Court-Brown, Margaret M McQueen, Marc F Swiontkowski, David Ring, Susan M Friedman, Andrew D Duckworth, Musculoskeletal Trauma in the Elderly, 2016
Careful examination of the shoulder and the entire chest, including the axilla, is performed. The shoulder may be deformed by a clavicular fracture, acromioclavicular dislocation, humeral head dislocation, by a markedly displaced scapular fracture or significant swelling. Examination of the integrity of the skin cover is important as a skin abrasion may indicate a site of impact.
Paediatric upper limb trauma
Published in Sebastian Dawson-Bowling, Pramod Achan, Timothy Briggs, Manoj Ramachandran, Stephen Key, Daud Chou, Orthopaedic Trauma, 2014
Chethan Jayadev, Tanvir Khan, Manoj Ramachandran
The fracture, usually resulting from direct trauma, is at or distal to the coracoclavicular ligament, which remains intact, attached to inferior periosteal tube. Displacement of the proximal fragment through the periosteal sleeve may mimic an acromioclavicular dislocation because the distal/lateral epiphyseal ossification does not fuse until around 18 years. The acromioclavicular ligament usually remains intact, attached to the non-ossified distal fragment.
The effectiveness of web-based patient education and action and coping plans as an adjunct to patient treatment in physiotherapy: A randomized controlled trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2019
Heather Clark, Sandra Bassett, Richard Siegert
People with a shoulder injury/disorder were recruited from 11 private physiotherapy clinics in New Zealand. They were referred to physiotherapy following surgical procedures or having sustained a shoulder injury/disorder, or were self-referred. Shoulder injuries/disorders included impingement syndrome, rotator cuff and biceps brachii tears, osteoarthritis causing damage to surrounding ligaments and bursa, frozen shoulder, and shoulder or acromioclavicular dislocation resulting in instability. Participants were 16 years or older, able to comprehend written and spoken English and had access to the World Wide Web. People with cognitive disorders that could impede their participation in the study were excluded.