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Black Hairy Tongue
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Black hairy tongue is a temporary, harmless oral condition that gives the tongue a dark, furry appearance. Black hairy tongue is a misnomer because no hair growth is involved. What actually happens is that dead skin cells build up on the filiform papillae (tiny bumps on the tongue) and these begin to trap bacteria, yeast, and food, resulting in a black, hair-like appearance. Black hairy tongue is typically caused by bacteria or fungi (yeast) in the mouth, but can also be caused by antibiotics particularly tetracyclines.1 As a result, the tongue can also turn brown, yellow, green, or other colors. Some patients report a tickling feeling in the back of the roof of the mouth, a metallic taste in their mouth, or nausea.2
Benign Oral and Dental Disease
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Konrad S. Staines, Alexander Crighton
Many patients complain of having a ‘coated tongue’. Occasionally this is a true overgrowth of the dorsal surface papillae and these can become stained to give the appearance of a ‘brown hairy tongue’ (Figure 42.8). More often, it is a slight exaggeration of the normal surface, as can happen when changing to a less abrasive diet or dehydration due to illness. A patient can become quite fixated about the appearance of their tongue, even in the absence of any symptoms.
Brown tongue
Published in Anne Stephenson, Martin Mueller, John Grabinar, Janice Rymer, 100 Cases in General Practice, 2017
Anne Stephenson, Martin Mueller, John Grabinar, Janice Rymer
Black hairy tongue (lingua villosa) is a harmless condition caused by defective desquamation of filiform papillae of unknown aetiology. Elderly and infirm patients, smokers, tea and coffee drinkers, patients with a poor diet or poor dental hygiene and patients on antibiotic treatment are more likely to become affected. Addressing the underlying cause often brings improvement. Stopping antibiotics frequently leads to a spontaneous resolution. Increasing the amount of roughage in the diet helps to prevent a recurrence of the condition. One suggested treatment for hairy tongue is to slice pineapples thinly and suck the slices for 40 seconds followed by chewing and swallowing them and to do this for 8 minutes twice daily. After 7–10 days the tongue usually returns to normal.
Oral mucosal lesions in electronic cigarettes consumers versus former smokers
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Elena Bardellini, Francesca Amadori, Giulio Conti, Alessandra Majorana
Hairy tongue resulted in a statistically greater prevalence among EC consumers than in former smokers. There are numerous initiating or predisposing factors for the abnormal coating on the dorsal surface of the tongue, particularly with smoking-associated pH changes [14]. We can speculate that the mucosal changes may also arise from other factors, i.e. the mucosal drying effects, the high intraoral temperatures, intraoral pH changes, local alteration of membrane barriers and immune responses, or altered resistance to fungal and viral infections.