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Introduction
Published in Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid, Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza, Computer-Aided Glaucoma Diagnosis System, 2020
Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid, Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza
In the cases of glaucoma in which the visual field test result and IOP assessment are not reliable, e.g., for advanced AMD disease (Age-related Macular Degeneration), the visual field measurement is usually carried out using a static perimeter, which is difficult for different diseases and it needs patient cooperation to follow the instructions. In this case, the IOP is not sensitive because in some kinds of glaucoma the pressure is normal, which is called normal tension glaucoma, and the best ways to detect glaucoma via ONH and imaging modality (OCT, HRT) are expensive. It is then necessary to search for other methods which will enable a determination of the glaucoma disease. One such method is the analysis of digital fundus images of the eye fundus taken via a fundus camera device.
Geriatric Assessment and the Physical Examination of the Older Adult
Published in K. Rao Poduri, Geriatric Rehabilitation, 2017
Visual fields should be examined and the best way in the primary care setting is to do confrontational visual field test; however, this only works when the patient can cooperate with instructions as it is a comparison of the patient’s with the examiner’s own the visual fields.
Methods of visual field assessment
Published in Fiona Rowe, Visual Fields via the Visual Pathway, 2016
The statistical package for each automated perimeter produces an in-depth statistical analysis of the visual field test results. It performs three important functions: It can point out suspicious areas that otherwise might not be evident until subsequent testing.It can identify areas that look suspicious but which, in fact, compare favourably with normal data.Using results from a series of tests, it can provide a highly sensitive and informative analysis of changes in the patient’s visual field over time.
Spectrum of Syphilitic Chorioretinitis and Its Evolution Based on Multimodal Imaging
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
June Artaechevarria Artieda, Nuria Estébanez-Corrales, Nélida Muñoz, Celia Rodríguez-Olleros Rodríguez, Alfonso Cabello Úbeda, Ester Carreño
During follow-up, funduscopic findings of the four eyes with ASPPC resolved progressively. At day 10, the yellowish placoid lesion was more attenuated and complete resolution was achieved at 1-month visit (100%). The nine eyes with SOR that showed RPE alterations improved progressively, being the fundus findings minimal at 10 days. Complete resolution was evidenced in 1 month (100%). In the eyes with PIR, on day 10, a mild vitritis was observed and the areas of retinitis had clinically improved, leaving a ‘salt-and-pepper’ appearance in the areas of the retinitis. Retinal hemorrhages were in reabsorption process. At 1 month, vitritis had completely resolved and the retinitis areas led to a ‘salt-and-pepper’ appearance and atrophic changes of the retina. The hemorrhages were all reabsorbed. In this patient, a permanent visual acuity and visual field (VF) loss was observed due to the diffuse ischemic damage of the retina. The 30–2 HVF on the right eye disclosed a diffuse scotoma that preserved only the central 5–10º. The low vision impeded the visual field test in the left eye.
The impact of low vision on activities, participation, and goals among older adults: a scoping review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Debbie Boey, Tamara Tse, Yi hui Lim, Mei Leng Chan, Kerry Fitzmaurice, Leeanne Carey
One weakness of this scoping review was that 21% (n = 42) of the articles excluded had participants with a main visual diagnosis of glaucoma but did not meet the WHO inclusion criteria of low vision due to the method that visual field was measured. Glaucoma is one of the main eye conditions that cause low vision and has a unique pattern of visual loss which often occurs in an arcuate pattern, reducing vision in the mid-peripheral visual field and progressing towards the center and periphery [2]. Measurement of visual field deficit of glaucoma in these studies included mean deviation, number of points missed on the visual field test and mean threshold of specific areas of the visual field, which did not allow the authors to ascertain if they met the WHO criteria of visual field loss of less than ten degrees. With the exception of Warren’s study [10] which was included due to visual field deficit from hemianopia, all the other articles were included as they met the WHO visual acuity criteria and none met the visual field criteria. Only one article [36] had older adults with a main visual diagnosis of glaucoma and was also included as it met the WHO visual acuity criteria. This suggests that the impact of low vision found in this scoping review is mainly due to visual acuity deficits. This does not allow us to make the same assumptions for the impact of low vision that is caused by visual field deficits, which would require future research focusing on visual field deficit using the WHO definition.
Outcomes measures in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Susan P Mollan, Alexandra J Sinclair
Automated perimetry is an objective measure of the visual field, widely used in clinical practice [42]. Importantly, there are a number of factors that make visual fields unreliable to interpret in IIH. The visual field type, either static or kinetic, and the program settings significantly affect the pick-up of defects depending on the visual field strategy [43], with a preference for automated perimetry for a more sensitive pick up rate [44]. The visual field test is dependent on technician and patient performance and is prone to variability and inaccuracy [45,46]. Initially patients can perform poorly on automated perimetry [45], and many trials sanction multiple attempts for familiarization and learning [46,47]. In the IIHTT, up to 21% of patients had a performance failure at one data point [45]. For IIH there is a further complicating factor in the interpretation of visual fields with the high prevalence of functional vision loss presenting as non-organic visual fields in this disease [47,48]. Cognitive deficits have also been reported in IIH [49] and have shown deficits in key areas such as memory, learning, visuospatial skills, concentration, language and executive function [50–54]. Deficits in reaction time and processing speed have also been demonstrated, which could impact on those with IIH to perform visual fields reliably [50]. Cognitive deficits have been demonstrated to affect the performance of visual fields in other diseases [55,56].