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Modern spectacle lens design
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2020
Mohammed Jalie
The first commercially successful progressive power lens was developed by Bernard Maitenaz of Essel, one of the founding members of Essilor International, and introduced in Europe under the trade name Varilux in 1959.15 It was pointed out in 1963 by the German scientist Minkwitz1963 that a surface in which power increased across its face must also have an astigmatic effect, whereby the astigmatism increases at twice the rate of change in power and lies at right angles to the direction of the change in power. Since that time, the goal of progressive lens design has been to minimise the effects of so‐called Minkwitz astigmatism.