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Communication in the context of older age
Published in Rebecca Allwood, Working with Communication and Swallowing Difficulties in Older Adults, 2022
Presbyopia is a term used to describe the changes in eyesight that occur naturally with ageing. The lens of the eye begins to stiffen in the ageing process. This leads to trouble focusing on small print and on nearby small objects. Communication can be affected in terms of difficulty accessing written material. Reading glasses or contact lenses help correct this problem.
Refractive Errors, Myopia, and Presbyopia
Published in Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Ka Wai Kam, Chi Pui Pang, Jason C. S. Yam
Currently, correction of presbyopia is mainly by optical, surgical, and pharmaceutical methods. Optical correction of presbyopia can be achieved using spectacles, contact lenses, a refractive procedure, or intraocular lenses. Even though this approach is simple, direct, and relatively inexpensive, some people find it inconvenient in daily life and that it limits sport activities.180 Keratorefractive procedures using laser ablation techniques to generate either monovision or a multifocal cornea, i.e., presbyLASIK, are among the surgical approaches. Since presbyLASIK can lead to irreversible compromise in distance vision, patient selection and pre-operative counseling are essential.181 Another surgical approach is intracorneal or corneal inlays. An intracorneal inlay is reversible but it may create biological intolerance and affect optical performance. A corneal inlay is irreversible and provides monovision, but there are complications, including corneal haze, which requires the explantation of the inlay.182 All the surgical approaches are invasive with risk for infection.
Ageing
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Around 13% of people aged over 75 are visually impaired (defined as scoring < 6/18 on Snellen acuity testing).68 Age-related changes include reduced lens flexibility and altered light refraction, cataract formation, reduced ciliary muscle contractility, macular degeneration, reduced eye movements and slower visual processing. Presbyopia is a term for the loss of accommodation seen with advancing age. It is caused by changes in the lens and ciliary muscle, which can usually be corrected with glasses. Binocular visual loss is related to refractive errors in around 32% of affected people.68 The commonest eye diseases affecting vision in older age are age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (36% of those with visual impairment), cataracts (25%), glaucoma (8%) and diabetic retinopathy (2%).
A Review of Lens Biomechanical Contributions to Presbyopia
Published in Current Eye Research, 2023
Presbyopia is caused by aging of the ocular lens which results in the loss of accommodative function. The term presbyopia is derived from ancient Greek and loosely translates to “old man eye.” This is a fitting description of the condition since nearly all people can expect to encounter presbyopia as they age.1,2 Presbyopia is characterized as the loss of accommodative power which presents clinically as the inability to focus vision on nearby objects and a long time to focus. Symptoms are typically noticed some time after the age of forty with complete loss of objective accommodation occurring between the ages of 50–55 years old.3 Alarmingly, decline in accommodative ability begins in adolescence and can be reduced by up to 50% by age 25.4 Accommodation is typically entirely lost after about two thirds of a human lifespan, which is a much shorter time course than many other physiologic functions.5,6 This is significant because symptoms of this age associated pathology can be expected to begin in middle age and without prevention or treatment will hinder patients’ vision for an extended portion of life.
Fear of falling avoidance behavior affects the inter-relationship between vision impairment and diminished mobility in community-dwelling older adults
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Szu-Ping Lee, Ya-Wen Hsu, Lauren Andrew, Talia Davis, Christian Johnson
The health and wellness survey included demographic data (i.e. age, gender, height, and weight) and FFABQ. The participants were asked to report if they have a current diagnosis of the following common age-related eye diseases: cataracts (blurry vision); glaucoma (progressive peripheral vision loss); retinopathy (decreased visual acuity); and macular degeneration (central vision loss). Participants were categorized as having the presence of eye disease if their identified eye condition has not been treated (e.g. lens implant, laser surgery, and intravitreal injections). Those who had eye conditions in both eyes or multiple diseases, but received treatment for only one eye and/or not all diseases at the time of the study were considered still having eye disease. Presbyopia was not considered as an eye disease in this study (Cumming et al., 2007; Strenk, Strenk, and Koretz, 2005), and the participants were allowed to decide if wearing their corrective glasses was necessary during the assessments. History of falls (yes vs. no falls in the last 12 months) was also recorded. Finally, participants completed the FFABQ to assess avoidance behavior during common daily activities.
Unilateral Refractive Lens Exchange with a Multifocal Intraocular Lens in Emmetropic Presbyopic Patients
Published in Current Eye Research, 2019
Eliya Levinger, Shmuel Levinger, Michael Mimouni, Omer Trivizki, Nadav Levinger, Irina S. Barequet, Gilad Rabina
According to surveys, one third of the world population is older than 40 years, and the predicted global prevalence of presbyopia is 1.4 billion by 2020 and 1.8 billion by 2050.1 Conventional management of presbyopia involves either spectacle or contact lens correction.2 There are several surgical techniques for the correction of presbyopia, which include the use of corneal inlays,3 monovision laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and4,5 femtosecond intrastromal presbyopic treatment.6 Though the mechanism of presbyopia has not been completely elucidated, we know we can solve it at the level of the lens. Indeed, small incision cataract surgery outcomes have improved in recent years and the use of refractive lens exchange (RLE) has gained popularity. Multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) are aimed at providing unaided vision at various distances by employing several concentric rings with different focusing powers (refractive) or division of light into two or more images (diffractive).7 Multifocal IOL implantation in presbyopic patients can restore the near and intermediate visual acuity and reduce spectacle dependence in patients with presbyopia.8,9 The FineVision Micro F IOL (PhysIOL SA, Liège, Belgium), CE approved, is a diffractive, hydrophilic, and trifocal IOL that became commercially available as of 2010. The FineVision Micro F has been shown to provide good outcomes for distance, near, and intermediate vision.10