China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Dementia
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
The physical examination should incorporate the features of a general medical assessment, in particular looking for signs of neurological and vascular disease. Speech will have been assessed as part of the mental state examination. Cranial nerves may show reduced up and down gaze with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (see page 188). Impaired saccadic eye movements may provide more subtle signs of an underlying movement disorder (seeFigure 9.5). Pyramidal tract or cerebellar signs may indicate VaD. Increased tone, tremor and bradykinesia suggest an underlying movement disorder but be aware of paratonia (see page 169).
The natural history of brainstem ocular motility disorders due to vascular pathology
Published in Jan-Tjeerd de Faber, 28th European Strabismological Association Meeting, 2020
Disorders of saccades result in abnormalities of initiation, velocity, accuracy and inappropriate saccadic intrusions. Slow saccades may be noted with nerve palsies or drug use. Accuracy disorders may be noted with brainstem or cerebellar disease. Abnormal saccadic eye movements were noted in five patients. Normal smooth-pursuit movements may be replaced by series of small saccades termed “cog-wheeling”. This was the case in one patient in this study and smooth pursuit movements were noted as abnormal and jerky in a further three patients.
Psychotherapy
Published in Kathleen A. Kendall-Tackett, Depression in New Mothers, 2016
EMDR is another treatment that has proven effective for many people who have experienced traumatic events. It is based on hypothesis that saccadic eye movements can reprogram the brain, and therefore can be used to help alleviate the emotional impact of trauma. (Saccadic eye movements are the quick eye movements that jump from one fixation point to another.)
Vision Beyond Vision: Lessons Learned from Amblyopia
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2023
In addition to fixation stability, we also investigated saccadic eye movements. Saccades are fast eye movements that quickly bring the image of an object of interest onto the fovea. We found that patients with amblyopia had abnormal saccades. Their saccades had normal accuracy but reduced precision, as well as longer latency, consistent with the pattern of spatiotemporal uncertainty we described.7,8 To reach the desired target position, they generated more secondary corrective (catch-up) saccades, which led to a reduction in reading speed.9–12 The decreased fixation stability, abnormal saccades, and reduced reading speed we and others found corroborate the observations made by parents and teachers and have important implications for learning, academic performance, and daily activities of children with amblyopia.
Molecular spectrum, family screening and genetic counselling of Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA) cases in an Indian scenario
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2021
Priyanka Vishwakarma, Sarita Agarwal, Deepika Delsa Dean, Srinivasan Muthuswamy, Kausik Mandal
Table 2 also describes the detailed clinical features of 18 patients being studied found positive for SCA1, SCA2, SCA6, SCA7 and SCA17. Our analysis depicted that SCA1 group had five cases. According to ACMG guidelines, the discriminative criteria for SCA1 are active reflexes. Out of 5 cases, 4 patients had not the symptoms of active reflexes (80%) while in one patient it was present (20%). Likewise, group SCA 2 has six cases, according to ACMG guidelines the slow saccadic eye movement is the discriminating clinical feature for SCA2. Out of six cases in four cases, slow saccadic eye movement was not observed (83%), while in two cases slow saccadic eye movement was present (17%). Similarly, in the SCA 6 group where we had only 1 case positive, the ACMG guidelines mentioned the slow progression of symptoms and early age of onset as discriminating clinical features for SCA 6 but in our patient, the age of onset was 30years. Hence, it is not in line with early-onset and slow progression of the disease was also not observed. The SCA 7 group had three cases, and in accordance with ACMG guidelines, the ophthalmoplegia is the discriminating clinical feature for SCA 7, which was present in two patients (67%) and absent (33%) in one case.
Saccadic Eye Movements in Young-Onset Parkinson’s Disease - A BOLD fMRI Study
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2020
Anshul Srivastava, Ratna Sharma, Vinay Goyal, Shefali Chaudhary, Sanjay Kumar Sood, S. Senthil Kumaran
Results of the reflexive and Go-Go-NoGo saccades in this study suggest impairment of fronto-parietal circuitry in patients with YOPD. This circuitry is thought to be related to the planning of saccadic eye movements that involves attentional control. Significantly greater activations in the ACC, middle frontal gyrus, angular gyrus and precuneus in patients reflect compensatory activity for the impaired frontal-parietal circuitry. If similar BOLD modulations are seen very early in disease progression there is a possibility of using saccadic behavioural assessments as early biomarkers for YOPD. This becomes important since in the early stages of the disease there are higher chances of successfully employing disease modifying treatment strategies, which could ultimately be helpful in changing the natural course of the disease.