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Retinal Tears and Detachments
Published in Amy-lee Shirodkar, Gwyn Samuel Williams, Bushra Thajudeen, Practical Emergency Ophthalmology Handbook, 2019
Retinoschisis: This is derived from a microcystoid degeneration of the neurosensory retina with splitting at the level of the outer plexiform layer. Retinoschisis is more common in hyperopes and generally occurs inferiorly, temporally and commonly bilaterally. Myopic patients are much more likely to have retinal detachments than a retinoschisis. These can be differentiated through recognition that a retinoschisis causes an absolute scotoma whilst a detachment does not and that argon laser applied to the retina causes a visible burn in an area of retinoschisis but not with a detachment. There are also differences on examination though these are variable and should not be relied upon so will not be mentioned here.
Special Senses
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Kenneth A. Schafer, Oliver C. Turner, Richard A. Altschuler
A common background finding occurring in many laboratory mammals, especially dogs and nonhuman primates, is peripheral cystoid retinal degeneration (Dubielzig et al. 2010; Rubin 1974). This finding, which increases in prevalence with age, is noted in the superior nasal quadrant of dogs as early as 8 weeks, and in the peripheral temporal retina of nonhuman primates. The finding should be distinguished from splitting of the retinal layers (retinoschisis).
How to master MCQs
Published in Chung Nen Chua, Li Wern Voon, Siddhartha Goel, Ophthalmology Fact Fixer, 2017
Pavingstone retinal degeneration represents discrete areas of ischaemia involving the outer retina. It is seen in 22% of patients over the age of 20. It is most commonly located in the inferior retinal quadrant anterior to the equator. It does not give rise to retinal breaks. Retinoschisis is caused by coalescence of peripheral cystoid degeneration.
Clinical and genetic study of a pseudo-dominant retinoschisis pedigree: the first female patient reported in Chinese population
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2022
Huajin Li, Jing Li, Yanfeng Huang, Ruifang Sui
Hereditary retinoschisis is a group of disorders characterized by primary early onset retinoschisis. Though it has been described in X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive-inherited patterns, X-linked recessive is the only genetically confirmed mode of transmission by now (1–3). X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS; OMIM_312700) is one of the most common hereditary macular degenerations in males, with an estimated prevalence of 1:5000 to 1:25000 worldwide (4). Patients with XLRS manifest deteriorated visual acuity in the first decade of their lives, and show minimum progression in the majority of cases (5,6). The hallmark feature of XLRS is foveoschisis, characterized by splitting of inner retinal layers. Peripheral retinoschisis presented in approximately 50% of the patients (7). Phenotypic variability has been widely reported in XLRS patients intra and inter-families, even within the same family at the same age (8,9).
Safety review of anti-VEGF therapy in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Danny S. C. Ng, Mary Ho, Lawrence P.L. Iu, Timothy Y.Y. Lai
RADIANCE was a phase III, randomized, double-mask active-controlled, multicentered clinical trial which evaluated the efficacy and safety of two regimens of ranibizumab 0.5 mg compared with vPDT control group for myopic CNV [23,24]. Details of the treatment schedule and the main outcomes are listed in Table 1. At the 3-month primary endpoint and 12-month end of study, the two ranibizumab-treated groups had significantly better mean BCVA improvement compared with the vPDT control group. In terms of ocular serious adverse events, two cases were observed in the study eye including a case of corneal erosion (n = 1 [0.9%] in the visual stabilization group) that was suspected to be related to the ocular injection procedure [23]. The other ocular serious adverse event was a case of retinoschisis (n = 1 [0.8%] in the disease activity group). Non-ocular serious adverse events were observed in 11 patients (n = 6 [5.7%] in visual stabilization group and n = 5 [4.2%] in disease activity group) but none of them was suspected to be due to the study drug or intravitreal injection [23]. Other complications such as deaths, endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular events were not observed in the study [23]. The number of reported ocular adverse events in the visual stabilization and disease activities groups were 46 (43.4%) and 44 (37.3%) respectively, compared with 16 (42.1%) in the vPDT group. Most of the ocular adverse events were minor such as conjunctival hemorrhage and punctate keratitis.
Expanding the phenotype of mucopolysaccharidosis type II retinopathy
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2021
Tanya Kowalski, Jonathan B Ruddle, Gerard de Jong, Heather G Mack
Foveal retinoschisis and negative full-field ERG suggesting abnormal intra-retinal signal transmission, similar to X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, have not been previously documented together in treated MPS II patients. Seok et al (12) report one patient with MPS II, macular oedema and negative ERG (no images supplied). Other reports have been of isolated retinoschisis on OCT scanning (data not shown in report) (19) which may be diagnosed as macular oedema (21) or of negative ERG without foveal retinoschisis (22). The retina in X-linked retinoschisis develops splitting of the inner neural retinal layers due to an abnormality in retinoschisin, an intercellular adhesion molecule. It occurs due to mutations in the RS1 gene on Xp22.1 (23), cytogenetically distant from the locus Xq28 which is involved in MPS II mutations. Genetic testing ruled out X-linked retinoschisis as a confounder in our patient.