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An Asian woman with blurred vision
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Apart from the above, there may be other indications for cataract surgery, for example to aid the treatment and monitoring of retinal disease (e.g. laser treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy).
Clinical Perspectives on Gene Therapy for Retinal and Eye Diseases
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Devika S. Joshi, Gaurav M. Karve, Shrikant D. Joshi
Retinal diseases are an important cause of vision impairment and blindness globally. Among the various reasons of visual impairment in adults aged 50 years or more, diseases like glaucoma (11%), age related macular degeneration (5.6%) and diabetic retinopathy (2.5%) are leading causes.1 In the younger age group, prevalence of retinal diseases like retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (1 in 4,000, non-syndromic RP), inherited retinal diseases like cone rod dystrophies (1 in 40,000), Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) (1 in 30,000 to 50,000) and Leber’s congenital amaurosis (LCA) (1 in 33,000 to 50,000) contribute to the burden of visual impairment. With the increasing number of the elderly population, it is projected that 111.8 million people will have glaucoma in 2040.2
Real-World Data and Real-World Evidence
Published in Wei Zhang, Fangrong Yan, Feng Chen, Shein-Chung Chow, Advanced Statistics in Regulatory Critical Clinical Initiatives, 2022
This study included patients with retinal diseases from outpatient ophthalmology clinics of eight tertiary and teaching hospitals located in Central, Northern, and North-eastern Thailand between January 2013 and August 2014. These medical centers were chosen for their capacity to diagnose and treat retinal disorders with both IVB and IVR, which was determined by their diagnostic equipment, operating theatres, experienced retinal specialists, and other physicians who could deal with any complications arising from retinal diseases or anti-VEGF therapy.
Intraocular delivery considerations of ocular biologic products and key preclinical determinations
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Patrick Hughes, Hongwen M. Rivers, Vladimir Bantseev, Chun-Wan Yen, Hanns-Christian Mahler, Swati Gupta
Biologics have shown great promise in treating debilitating ophthalmic diseases including glaucoma, OSD, nAMD, and GA. Pegaptanib sodium, ranibizumab, aflibercept, brolucizumab, and conbercept have greatly changed how we treat nAMD and DME. However, the frequency of dosing for these compounds results in a great burden on both patients and the health care system. For the reasons reviewed in this manuscript, direct intraocular administration remains the most reliable and predictable route to treat retinal disease with biologics. The FDA’s recent approvals of the bispecific anti–VEGF-A/Ang-2 faricimab (Vabysmo™.) for the treatment of nAMD and DME, and the PDS with ranibizumab (SUSVIMO™ refillable ocular implant for the treatment of nAMD, further emphasize the importance of novel biologics and delivery approaches that extend durability. Sustained and controlled ophthalmic drug delivery systems will go a long way in reducing the burden on both the patient and providers. Additionally, sustained delivery can directly dose the target tissue, improving bioavailability, reducing off-target systemic effects, and mitigating the high peaks and low troughs of pulsed neat injections.
OCT Imaging in Infants
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2022
Sushma Jayanna, Subhadra Jalali, Tapas R Padhi, Komal Agarwal, Jay Chhablani
Since the advent of Optical coherence tomography (OCT), there is a paradigm change in management of retinal diseases along with introduction of newer disease entity. OCT has become an essential component in retina practices, particular macular diseases in adults. However, OCT is still under-utilized in pediatric retinal diseases, particularly in neonates and infants. Retinal imaging in infants without anesthesia has been reported to be more successful and less challenging compared to toddler and young children.1 OCT has shown to be a useful alternative imaging tool instead of Electroretinogram (ERG) in diagnosing certain macular pathology such as foveal hypoplasia with albinism, when child is uncooperative.1Though majority of retinal disease in infantile population involves the periphery, OCT changes in macula secondary to these diseases have been less explored in literature.
High Systolic Blood Pressure, Anterior Segment Changes and Visual Impairment Independently Predict Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Published in Hemoglobin, 2021
Ibrahim M. Idris, Aminu A. Yusuf, Dalha H. Gwarzo, Musbahu S. Kurawa, Abdulsalam Shuaib, Aisha A. Galadanci, Hauwa Ibrahim, Awwal M. Borodo, Yusuf D. Jobbi, Maryam B. Danagundi, Sakinatu B. Borodo, Idris Y. Mohammed, Najibah A. Galadanci, Aisha Kuliya-Gwarzo
Moderate visual impairment, based on WHO criteria [7], was found to be predictive of retinopathy in this study. Earlier studies have demonstrated the association between PSCR and decreased visual acuity [16,17,21]. Progressive loss of vision may be an outcome of retinal disease, although other ocular conditions such as refractive errors could result in reduced visual acuity. In this study, we did not carry out full refraction to exclude definitive refractive errors. However, all participants known to have refractive errors had their visual acuity corrected with their prescription spectacles. We believe this approach has reduced the chances of refractive error confounding our findings. Moreover, it is known that even in the setting of severe retinal disease in sickle cell disease, the rate of vision loss might be relatively low due to the phenomena of spontaneous regression or auto infarction [4].