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Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorder
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Correction of refractive error is an essential component of non-surgical management of DRS, and treatment of amblyopia should be initiated where possible. To decide for surgical correction, the following points should be assessed prior: Deviation in primary positionQuantification of limitation of abductionThe severity of globe retractionOvershoots present in adduction
Refractive Errors, Myopia, and Presbyopia
Published in Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Ka Wai Kam, Chi Pui Pang, Jason C. S. Yam
Refractive errors are a group of ophthalmic disorders that individually or in combination affect individuals of all ages and ethnicities in both sexes. When the optical system in an eye fails to bring incoming light into focus on the retina, the resultant image perceived by the individual becomes blurred. Refractive errors can be classified into three main types: myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia. There is also presbyopia, which literally means aging vision, and affects people at a later stage in life, usually in the fifth decade. It is sometimes included as a fourth type of refractive error, although it may be regarded not as an error of refraction because it is due to the loss of accommodation by the lens.
Effect of off-axis retinoscopy on objective refractive measurement
Published in Jan-Tjeerd de Faber, 28th European Strabismological Association Meeting, 2020
E.A. Paysse, D.W. Jackson, K.R. Wilhelmus, M.A.W. Hussein, G. Rosby, D.K. Coats
Eight cooperative adult subjects with a refractive error of+/- 2.50 diopters underwent cycloplegic retinoscopic evaluation of their right eye on-the-visual-axis, and at 5, 10, 15, and 20 degrees off-the-visual-axis in adduction. Adult subjects were used to assure steady fixation during retinoscopy. Each subject had a normal ophthalmologic examination except for the presence of a refractive error.
Top 100 Most Cited Papers in Laser-Assisted in situ Keratomileusis Surgery: A Bibliometric Analysis
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2022
Erin Flynn, Haig Pakhchanian, Preet Sohal, Rishabh Gupta, Rahul Raiker, Masumi G. Asahi, David Belyea
In the field of ophthalmology, vision science, and optometry, there are over 110 peer-reviewed journals.3 Bibliometric analysis already has assisted in guiding ophthalmologists on topics of research such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, retinal detachment, and sex disparities in scientific authorship.4–6 Since its development in 1990, LASIK has become a popular and mainstream procedure for the correction of refractive error with over 35 million procedures performed worldwide as of 2010.7 In 2008, Fan et al published a citation analysis of the most influential authors and periodicals in the topics of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery and cataracts from 2000 to 2004. This publication provided valuable insights into the leading investigators and journals in LASIK at the time.7 However, this study is no longer representative of the current state of research in the field.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Detection and Treatment of Amblyopia: A Systematic Literature Review
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2022
Gareth Lingham, Myra B. McGuinness, Sare Safi, Iris Gordon, Jennifer R. Evans, Stuart Keel
Screening programs are intended to detect individuals at high risk of amblyopia among a healthy population to facilitate earlier access to treatment and vary greatly in diagnostic accuracy.17,18 In areas of low amblyopia prevalence, high rates of false positives following vision screening decrease confidence in screening programs, and therefore the type of screening program (which is increasingly instrument-based in North America) must be taken into account when considering recommendations for implemention.18 In comparison, comprehensive eye examinations are intended to diagnose/rule out ophthalmic conditions and assess refractive error. One or more in-person comprehensive eye examinations by an appropriately trained professional may improve detection rates and should reduce reliance on screening programs. However, comprehensive exams are more costly to individuals and the healthcare system, require a greater trained workforce capacity, and often place an additional level of responsibility on parents compared to that required for screening programs.
Effect of digital device use during COVID-19 on digital eye strain
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
With the continued progression of technology, digital device use is not going away any time soon, if ever. Therefore, it is increasingly important for eye care professionals to educate the public about the effects of device use on ocular health and the steps they can take to minimise those effects. Regular eye exams are recommended for the appropriate refractive error corrections (such as presbyopia and astigmatism).37-40 The use of computer glasses and special lenses that meet specified visual demands can aid in alleviating DES symptoms.4,11,25,41 Although DES symptoms are typically temporary, they can be frequent and persistent. Taking frequent breaks decreases DES symptoms13,25 without affecting productivity.42 With the current global recommendation for home-isolation secondary to the COVID-19 pandemic, the risk of DES is expected to increase dramatically depending on the length of home-isolation required. Furthermore, a huge shift in remote working is predicted for many professions and jobs post-pandemic. With money invested in new digital tools and technology, the ‘new normal’ may not be temporary and remote work/study may remain a big part of our lives. A thorough understanding of digital device usage during these periods is crucial to the design and proper direct management during this critical phase.