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Selective Antimicrobial Agents from Terrestrial Plants A Hope in the Battle of Infection
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Fadia S. Youssef, Mohamed L. Ashour
In addition, the crude flavonoid-rich fractions of C. phlomidis were evaluated against some pathogenic organisms. Both plants parts and callus culture displayed high effectiveness against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The former was represented by Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, while the latter was represented by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Additionally, they revealed a potent activity against fungal strains represented by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. In contrast, aqueous extracts exerted no inhibition against all the tested pathogenic organisms (Kaur and Renu 2012).
Role of Wild Plants in Curing and Healing the Skin Diseases
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Mudassar Mehmood, Rao Zahid Abbas
It is a curing agent of bacterial skin infections that leads to pain, tenderness, edema, and reddening of the skin. It is also affected in the treatment of anti-fungal infections, but has no beneficial effects on cellulitis (Renu 2011). The oil of T. vulgaris is a combination of monoterpenes. The natural terpenoidthymol and its phenol chemical compound carvacrol (Nickavar et al. 2005, Amiri 2012) are the main constituents of this oil. It is a medicinal drug that has many beneficial effects, such as antioxidative, anti-tissue, antimicrobial, and antibacterial. There were some additional acids, such as terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, and synthetic resin found in Thymus spp.
Biological Effects of Ayurvedic Formulations
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
G.R. Arun Raj, Kavya Mohan, R. Anjana, Prasanna N. Rao, U. Shailaja, Deepthi Viswaroopan
Mahāmāṣa taila contains ingredients like Phaseolus mungo (māṣa), daśamūla group of drugs) and so on. It pacifies vāta dōṣa and gives strength to eyes through errhine therapy (nasya) (Renu et al. 2014). Nasya with Mahāmāṣa taila irritates the nasal mucosa, leading to an edematous response with local hyperemia, which enhances drug absorption. Since the drug administered is itself lipid in nature, there is no functional blood–brain barrier for Mahāmāṣa taila. During nasya procedure, lowering of the head and fomentation to face seems to have an impact on blood circulation to the head. The efferent vasodilator nerves which are located on the superficial surface of the face are stimulated by application of the medicinal oil and fomentation, leading to momentary hyperemia in the head region (Gupta 2017). It is effective in the management of frozen shoulder and cerebral palsy (Bagali and Prashanth 2016).
Toxic effects and molecular mechanism of doxorubicin on different organs – an update
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Kaviyarasi Renu, Lakshmi Prasanna Pureti, Balachandar Vellingiri, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
The dangerous impacts prompted by doxorubicin on hepatic tissue include impediment in the hepatocytes cell cycle progression, uneven redox potential incited by the ROS created during the drug metabolism, and aggravation in the respiratory chain that takes place in mitochondria (Kassner et al.2008). Molecular mechanisms underlying doxorubicin actuated hepatic damage has commenced upon the initiation of gene expression for oxidative stress, DNA repair, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, the progression of the cell cycle, drug transport, and apoptosis (Ashrafi et al.2012). It has been explained that an interconnection exists between oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation initiated by the ROS delivered (Injac et al.2008). Renu et al. (2019) reported the impaired lipid metabolism, when male albino Wistar rats were divided into two groups and administered with a low dosage (0.3 mg/kg per week for 5 weeks) and a high dosage of doxorubicin (3 mg/kg per week for 5 weeks) were characterized by decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), pregnane X receptor (PXR), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1), and fatty acid translocase (FAT), and increased aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), indicating elevated break down of lipids. The changes induced in the hepatic expression of various biomarkers and genes upon doxorubicin administration are reported in Table 1.
Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Suspension as an Antimicrobial Media for Daily Use Soft Contact Lenses
Published in Current Eye Research, 2020
Maryam Shayani Rad, Zahra Sabeti, Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri, Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
Different antimicrobial agents have been used in contact lens solutions to inhibit microbial growth and lens surface disinfection. In a study conducted by Kuzman et al., all commercial solutions (Unique pH, Boston Advance, Nitilens Conditioner GP, Total Care, and Boston Simplus) showed 3-log colony reduction to S. aureus, Escherichia coli (E. coli), P. aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and 1-log colony reduction to C. albicans after 8 h.24 In another study performed by El-Ganiny et al., the percentages of biofilm inhibition in MIC/2 screening contact lens care solutions were reported as 73%, 30%, and 68% for Opti-Free, Renu, and Perfect solutions, respectively. Natural compounds showed an excellent effect on the inhibition and removal of biofilm reported as 100%, 100%, 87%, and 62% for calendula extract, Buddleja salviifolia extract, as well as Honey and Jasmine oils, respectively.25 In a study carried out by Manal et al., average logarithmic reduction for 3% H2O2 solution plus a novel wetting agent, polyoxyethylene-polyoxybutylene, was reported to be 4.9, 4.9, and 4.8 for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans, respectively.26 Furthermore, different metal oxide nanoparticles, such as ZnO and CuO, showed antimicrobial properties and could be used for the disinfection of contact lens surface.27–29 In a study conducted by Jones et al., zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) (50–70 nm) inhibit the bacterial growth of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) in a concentration of 80 ppm.27
Diagnostic vocal fold injection as an intervention for secondary muscle tension dysphonia
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2021
Christopher D. Dwyer, Thomas L. Carroll
Our material of choice for diagnostic VFI is carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Available CMC products include Prolaryn Gel (Merz, Grensboro, North Carolina, USA) and Renu Gel (Cytophil, East Troy, Wisconsin, USA). Performing the procedure awake is preferred, as it affords several advantages. Most important is the patient’s ability to intermittently voice, and therefore the augmentation can be tailored to optimise voice outcome. In general, the vocal fold is medialized until the voice is maximally optimised, then an additional 0.1-0.2 mL is injected to achieve slight overcorrection. Overcorrection with CMC is advocated as it has a small aqueous component that is absorbed 3-5 days following injection. Mild over-injection by 20% also facilitates redistribution and possibly a longer resorption interval of materials. Additionally, the office setting allows for intermittent assessment of glottic closure via real time stroboscopy. If inadequate closure is achieved, additional implant can be injected, decision made to augment both vocal folds. This real time feedback adds additional precision and finesse to the procedure. A per-oral injection, when tolerated by the patient, is the preferred technique. It allows for superior visualisation of the needle tip, precise perpendicular injection trajectory, location and depth within the vocal fold. In general, the needle is placed lateral to the vocal process and along the superior arcuate line. In situations of atrophy/paresis with significant bowing, the injection can be targeted towards the mid-fold, where maximal glottal gap is usually observed. In cases of scar or sulcus, the injection is generally performed globally, in an effort to improve overall glottic insuffiency despite not addressing the scar directly. Following the procedure, patients are placed on 24-hours of voice rest.