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Self-regulation skills training for adults, including relaxation
Published in Harald Breivik, William I Campbell, Michael K Nicholas, Clinical Pain Management, 2008
Somatic perception is modulated by the cortex, which enhances or diminishes awareness of incoming signals. Recent neuropsychological and brain-imaging research has demonstrated at least three attentional centers that modulate perception: a posterior parieto-occipital orienting system, a focusing system localized to the anterior cingulate gyrus, and an arousal–vigilance system in the right frontal lobe.13,14 These systems provide, among other things, for selective attention to incoming stimuli, allowing competing stimuli to be relegated to the periphery of awareness.
A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
G. D. Searchfield, D. P. Spiegel, T.N.E.R. Poppe, M. Durai, M. Jensen, K. Kobayashi, J. Park, B.R. Russell, G. S. Shekhawat, F. Sundram, B.B. Thompson, K. J. Wise
The functional connectivity between the pairing of the left posterior intraparietal sulcus (LPIS) and right ventral intraparietal sulcus (RVIS), and the pairing of the right frontal eye fields (RFEF) and right temporoparietal junction (RTJ), decreased significantly in the experimental SSRI group. There is accumulating evidence that pathophysiology of tinnitus may involve functional alteration in non-auditory brain regions, including those that are part of attention networks [24]. It is possible, therefore, that SSRI-related effects on tinnitus reported in literature may be due to underlying inhibition of non-auditory tinnitus network activity, i.e. the distress networks, as LPIS, RVIS, RFEF, and RTJ are regions of the brain that form the frontoparietal attention network and are crucially involved in the selection of sensory contents by attention [24, 52]. The intraparietal sulcus is reported to play an initiative role in the processing of unexpected targets in the attention network [53]. Temporoparietal junction and frontal eye fields are cortical regions involved in the orienting system for visual events [24, 54]. Though their roles are not fully understood, irregular activity of the temporoparietal junction has been proposed as being associated with tinnitus; for example, transient suppression of tinnitus was observed after stimulation of the temporoparietal junction [55].
Longitudinal Associations between Parenting and Inattention, Impulsivity, and Delay of Gratification in Preschool-aged Children: The Role of Temperamental Difficultness and Toddler Attention Focusing
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2020
Attention is governed by three systems – namely, the alerting, orienting, and executive systems of attention (Posner & Peterson, 1990). During the first year of life, attention is governed by the orienting system, which is a driven by and reactive to novel objects, people, or other stimuli in the environment (Ruff & Rothbart, 1996). As an infant’s information processing ability becomes more efficient, his/her duration of attention to novel objects decreases (Colombo, Kapa, & Curtindale, 2010). In early infancy, shorter focused attention has been associated with optimal development. For example, infants who focused their attention for shorter amounts of time at 5 months were found to have more efficient executive function (i.e., reflecting the ability to control impulses (inhibition), maintain information in mind (working memory), and flexibility shift attention (cognitive flexibility) during toddlerhood at 24, 36, and 48 months (Cuevas & Bell, 2014).
Alcohol and Suicide Risk: Examining the Role of Meaning-Making
Published in Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 2018
Marek S. Kopacz, Craig J. Bryan, Todd M. Bishop, Lisham Ashrafioun
Many alcohol recovery programs include a strong focus on developing social support, spirituality, religiousness, and life meaning (Laudet, Morgen, & White, 2006). Meaning-making is recognized as a basic human process integral to overall well-being and human flourishing, figuring prominently within individual narratives of alcohol misuse (Allen, Nieuwsma, Pollitt, & Blazer, 2014; Bauer, King, & Steger, 2018; Park, 2010; Thurang & Tops, 2013). Meaning-making represents a dynamic process of “retaining, reaffirming, revising, or replacing elements of their orienting system to develop more nuanced, complex[,] and useful systems” (Gillies, Neimeyer, & Milman, 2014, p. 208). The orienting systems in question “serve as a basis for understanding and reacting to life events” (Gillies et al., 2014, p. 208). As such, meaning-making represents a valuable coping mechanism for service members who, by virtue of the dynamics of military service, are susceptible to a variety of traumas and stressors (Larner & Blow, 2011; Pietrzak, Pullman, Cotea, & Nasveld, 2012; Xue et al., 2015; Yehuda, Vermetten, McFarlane, & Lehrner, 2014).