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Correlation between asthenopic symptoms and different measurements of convergence and reading ability
Published in Jan-Tjeerd de Faber, 28th European Strabismological Association Meeting, 2020
Yair Morad, Ori Segal, Robert Lederman, Daniela Atzmon, Emmanuelle Azoulay, Isaac Avni
Methods:66 children aged 8–10 years were examined. Convergence was evaluated using 1)Non-accommodative target at near and distance;2)A near computerized stereogram and 3) Measurement of the near point of convergence (NPC). Reading ability was examined by:l)A reading comprehension test in which children had to answer questions regarding a paragraph they read and 2)The Developmental Eye Movement Test (DEM), which evaluates saccadic speed and accuracy. Asthenopic symptoms were scored by an Asthenopic Symptoms Questionnaire.
The Theory Behind the Resistance Tests (It’s Not Just a Test)
Published in John William Yee, The Neurological Treatment for Nearsightedness and Related Vision Problems, 2019
The phenomenon is the opposite of near-point stress where the eyeball becomes elongated when the lens makes an excessive effort to perform work at the near range. By introducing certain conditions where the crystalline lens needs to maintain the focus of something far away, it may entice the eyeball to become less elongated to alleviate the effort. The ciliary muscle does not make an excessive effort; otherwise, it would trigger an “excessive effort to see.” It is just the right amount. It depends on the resistance of the ciliary muscle. It is the excessive tension of the oblique muscles that restricts how much the ciliary muscle can relax. If I create a condition where I can relax the oblique muscles sufficiently to stimulate the ciliary muscle, it may also stimulate the rectus muscles to tighten to reduce the elongated eye due to the common neural pathway.
Rehabilitation and management of visual dysfunction following traumatic brain injury
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
For near point tasks, aids range from high-powered convex lenses for near point work, allowing the patient to hold reading material closer, to video enhancement of images via closed circuit television. Bar magnifiers may assist low visual acuity patients in keeping their place during reading. Digital or optical magnifiers that are hand held or stand-mounted for stability are also frequently used.
Near work symptoms and measures of accommodation in children
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2023
Angela M Chen, Eric J Borsting
Using a similar paradigm to Tosha et al.10 and Chase et al.,11 the accommodative and vergence functions were measured in this work with the standard clinical tests and the stimulus response function of accommodation was measured objectively over time in school-age children with and without visual discomfort. The primary aim of this pilot study was to investigate the association between clinical and objective measures of accommodation and near point symptoms. Consistent with Tosha et al.10 and Chase et al.,11 children were recruited based on symptomatology instead of presence or absence of an accommodation or vergence disorder. This approach allows for investigating associations between symptoms and accommodation or vergence measures across a wide range of symptom severity.
The impact of smartphone use on accommodative functions: pilot study
Published in Strabismus, 2023
Several studies have reported on the effects specifically of smartphone use either upon symptoms, near triad measures, or both.6–12 Most studies used a 10-minutes to 1-hour window of smartphone use and measured outcomes pre- and post-smartphone use;8–12 however, one study used a self-reported amount of smartphone use and its effect on symptoms.6 Three of these studies measured only symptoms,6,7,9 three studies measured only functions of the near triad,8,10,11 and one studied both symptoms and near triad functions.12 These studies reported an increase in symptoms following smartphone use and a negative effect on near triad functions, such as receding near point of accommodation (NPA) and near point convergence (NPC) ranging from 0.2 to 1.9 cm difference, increased accommodative lag of 0.8DS, and reduced accommodation facility (AF) of 2.29 cycles per minute following smartphone use.10–12 This suggests that smartphone use could fatigue the accommodative and vergence system and with that produce symptoms.
Minimum detectable change and false positive rates of the vestibular/ocular motor screening (VOMS) tool: an NCAA-DoD care consortium analysis
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Shawn R. Eagle, Lyndsey M. Ferris, Anne Mucha, Aaron Sinnott, Gregory Marchetti, Alicia Trbovich, Nicholas Port, Jay Clugston, Justus Ortega, Michael W. Collins, Steven P. Broglio, Thomas McAllister, Michael A. McCrea, Paul Pasquina, Anthony P. Kontos, CARE Consortium Investigators
This study aimed to identify the minimum detectable change for each VOMS item and VOMS overall score using both total and change scoring methods in a healthy, collegiate-aged athlete population. The results of this study indicate that any symptom score >1 for primarily ocular items (e.g., smooth pursuits, horizontal and vertical saccades, near-point of convergence), near-point of convergence distance average >4 cm) can be considered true change outside measurement error with 95% confidence in this population, regardless of scoring method. Regarding the primarily vestibular items (i.e., horizontal/vertical vestibular-ocular reflex and visual motion sensitivity) any symptom score >1 can be considered true change if using change scoring methods, while any symptom score >2 can be considered true change if using total scoring methods. Similarly, an overall VOMS score >8 is the minimum detectable change if using change scoring, while an overall VOMS score >10 is the minimum detectable change if using total scoring. Overall, 90–99.7% of VOMS items fell within this range over a 1-year period in healthy collegiate-aged athletes, with a limited number of false positives in healthy athletes when assessing identification cutoffs presented previously. This is the first study to provide minimum detectable change values for VOMS in collegiate athletes.