China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Immunotherapy of Uveitis
Published in George S. Eisenbarth, Immunotherapy of Diabetes and Selected Autoimmune Diseases, 2019
Roberto de Bara, Alan G. Palestine, Robert B. Nussenblatt
Inflammation concentrated in the vitreous is known as intermediate uveitis. In this form of inflammation the posterior portions of the retina are not primarily involved but the retina may in some cases be secondarily affected. Pars planitis is an example of this type of uveitis in which patients usually complain of decreased vision and floaters. The floaters are secondary to inflammatory clumps of cells and debris within the vitreous that are seen as black spots because they impede the flow of light to certain areas of the retina. In pars planitis, vitreal inflammation may also result in decreased vision by the production of cystoid macularedema, an accumulation of fluid within the retina. Intermediate uveitis may occur in one eye or be bilateral, and it may present simply as an ocular disease or be associated with a systemic illness such as sarcoidosis. Treatment is usually in the form of periocular or systemic steroids and the clinical course is variable. Some patients respond well to steroid treatment while others develop disease recalcitrant to therapy and have permanent visual loss.
Bacteriology of Ophthalmic Infections
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Arumugam Priya, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
Based on the ocular site of inflammation, uveitis can be classified into four major types as anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis. The inflammation of anterior chamber or the iris lesion or keratic precipitates are usually demarcated as anterior uveitis. Intermediate uveitis can be defined as the inflammation of the vitreous chamber with or without the involvement of peripheral retina. Inflammation affecting retina, choroid, retinal vessels, or posterior vitreous humor is defined as the posterior uveitis. Combination of inflammation in all three described sites is collectively termed panuveitis (Bodaghi et al., 2001).
The uveal tract
Published in Mary E. Shaw, Agnes Lee, Ophthalmic Nursing, 2018
Intermediate uveitis is inflammation of the uveal tract which is localised to the vitreous humour and peripheral retina. Intermediate uveitis may be idiopathic or it can be associated with systemic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis or infections including Lyme disease. It affects predominantly the young. Signs and symptoms are bilateral blurred vision and floaters.
Long-term Efficacy of TNF-alpha Inhibitors on Persistent Uveitic Macular Edema: A Swiss Multicenter Cohort Study
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Alexandra Bograd, Dominic Fuchs, Josephin Bächtiger, Isabel B. Pfister, Jan Spindler, Florence Hoogewoud, Konstantin Gugleta, Christian Böni, Yan Guex-Crosier, Justus G. Garweg, Christoph Tappeiner
A total of 26 patients (mean age 42.9 ± 15.2 years; 42.3% females) with uveitic ME (35 eyes) were included in this study. The mean uveitis duration before initiation of TNFi therapy was 2.9 ± 4.2 years. ME was bilateral in nine patients (34.6%). Uveitis localization, etiology and course are displayed in Table 1. The majority of patients (n = 19 patients, 73.1%; n = 28 eyes, 80%) presented with intermediate uveitis. Uveitis was mainly idiopathic (n = 14 patients, 53.8%; n = 21 eyes, 60%). All three patients (11.5%) with anterior uveitis were HLA-B27 positive. Twenty patients (76.9%) suffered from a chronic uveitis course. The mean uveitis duration prior to TNFi treatment initiation was 2.9 ± 4.2 years (median 1.4, IQR 0.7 to 2.5 years) (Table 2).
Differential Diagnosis of Vitritis in Adult Patients
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Sarah Touhami, Mathilde Leclercq, Dinu Stanescu-Segall, Valérie Touitou, Bahram Bodaghi
The term “vitritis” refers to the presence of a cellular infiltration of the vitreous body, usually in the context of an intraocular inflammation, but not exclusively. In 1908, Fuchs used the term “cyclitis” to refer to the presence of a vitritis.1 Within the context of uveitis, vitreous inflammation can be found in all uveitis categories, including anterior, intermediate, posterior uveitis and panuveitis. In 1987, the international uveitis study group used the term “intermediate uveitis” to refer to any inflammatory syndrome involving the vitreous body, peripheral retina and posterior part of the ciliary body with absence or minimal involvement of the anterior segment, retina or choroid.2 The standardization of the uveitis nomenclature (SUN) working group made a recent addendum to this definition, by extending it to any intra-ocular inflammatory reaction affecting the vitreous body, with or without macular edema or peripheral vascular involvement.3 This review will focus on the etiologies of intermediate uveitis (IU)- as it is the main cause of vitritis - and its differential diagnoses in adult patients. The therapeutic options will not be discussed in this manuscript.
Pattern of Uveitis in a Referral Hospital in Bangladesh
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Zahedur Rahman, Ziaul Ahsan, Niaz Abdur Rahman, Parthopratim Dutta Majumder
The distribution of uveitis differed according to anatomical location of inflammation. Among 256 anterior uveitis cases, 57.8% were idiopathic. HLA B27-related uveitis was the most common among the diagnosed cases of anterior uveitis. Of the 145 intermediate uveitis patients, 66.8% were idiopathic. The most common causes of intermediate uveitis were sarcoidosis (17.2%) and tuberculosis (13.7%). Toxoplasmosis was found to be the most common cause of posterior uveitis (33.3%) followed by tuberculosis and serpiginous choroiditis. VKHD (51.4%) was the most common cause of panuveitic entities followed by tuberculosis (15.8%). The distribution of uveitis etiologies according to anatomical location is shown in Table 3.