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Glaucoma
Published in Mostafa Khalil, Omar Kouli, The Duke Elder Exam of Ophthalmology, 2019
Omar Kouli, Rizwan Malik, Stewart Gillan
A hyphema (collection of blood inside the anterior chamber) can form, usually following blunt trauma to the eye, which leads to blockage of the TM leading to raised IOP and secondary open angle glaucoma. A secondary bleed may occur 3–7 days post initial injury.
Management of hyphema, repair of iridodialysis, and repair of corneoscleral lacerations
Published in A Peyman MD Gholam, A Meffert MD Stephen, D Conway MD FACS Mandi, Chiasson Trisha, Vitreoretinal Surgical Techniques, 2019
Traumatic hyphema occurs most commonly after blunt trauma; however, a third of cases are due to a penetrating or perforating eye injury.1 Consequently, as with all ocular trauma, a good history of the inciting event is important in determining the mechanism and extent of the injury. In the setting of traumatic hyphema, critical issues to address in the history are the mechanism of injury (blunt versus sharp or penetrating), the severity (poke versus severe blow to the head), and any medical history of bleeding diatheses (warfarin use) or hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell disease). The importance of these issues is explained below.
Trauma
Published in Spencer W. Beasley, John Hutson, Mark Stringer, Sebastian K. King, Warwick J. Teague, Paediatric Surgical Diagnosis, 2018
Spencer W. Beasley, John Hutson, Mark Stringer, Sebastian K. King, Warwick J. Teague
The ocular features of non-accidental injury are varied. Retinal haemorrhage is the most common, and is believed to be due to shaking the child. Such retinal haemorrhages are often associated with intracranial haemorrhage. Traumatic retinoschisis and perimacular retinal folds have very high specificity for non-accidental injury in the absence of a severe closed head injury such as observed with crushing injuries or falls from a significant height. Haemorrhage within the optic nerve sheath is seen rarely, and occurs with severe and generally fatal shaking injury. Hyphema and lens damage may result from direct blows to the eye. Management is usually expectant. Mandatory reporting of suspected non-accidental injury is required in most countries.
Design and Methodology of a Multi-Centre Clinical Trial of Low Dose Laser Cycloplasty for the Treatment of Malignant Glaucoma in China
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Haishuang Lin, Jibing Wang, Sujie Fan, Zuohong Wu, Xiaoping Xu, Qinhua Cai, Lijun Zhao, Sumian Cheng, Shaodan Zhang, Yuanbo Liang
An evaluation of the safety of the procedures was conducted and covered: Corneal injury: corneal injury was sought via an examination by conducting a corneal endothelium cell count.Anterior uveitis: inflammation in the anterior chamber was indicative of anterior uveitis.Hyphema: hyphema was determined by slit lamp examination.Lens injury: lens injury was determined following an examination by slit lamp.Hypotony: an IOP of ≤5 mmHg was defined to be hypotony.
Trends in Soccer-Related Ocular Injuries within the United States from 2010 through 2019
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2022
Parth A. Patel, Rhea Gopali, Anvith Reddy, Kajol K. Patel
Because of the non-uniform manner in which primary diagnoses were provided, many were combined into broader diagnostic categories. The most common ocular injury diagnostic categories were contusion/abrasion (36.1%) and blunt eye trauma/injury (19.9%). These were followed by irritation/inflammation (11.6%), which included iritis, iridocyclitis, and conjunctivitis, and hyphema (10.8%). Additional diagnostic categories were hemorrhage (where not specifically diagnosed as hyphema), eye pain, and retinal damage; the latter was collated to include diagnoses such as retinal detachment, commotio retinae, and retinal tear. Finally, diagnoses not in the aforementioned categories (e.g., anisocoria, bacterial keratitis, vitreous detachment, etc.,) were combined into “other” (Figure 2).
Intraocular Lymphoma
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Emmett T. Cunningham, Elisabetta Miserocchi, Justine R. Smith, John A. Gonzales, Manfred Zierhut
Zhou et al.19 presented two patients, a 78-year-old woman and a 59-year-old man, who presented with a unilateral pseudo-hypopyon and in whom diagnostic cytologic, immunohistologic, and molecular analyses were performed on aqueous humor aspirates. The affected eye of 78-year-old patient presented with ocular hypertesion and hyphema, whereas a hyphema developed in the affected eye of the 59-year-old patient within a few months of presentation. In the female patient, histology was consistent with large B-cell lymphoma, immunohistochemical staining showed CD20+ lymphocytes, flow cytometry revealed CD19 and CD20 immunophenotypes, and molecular analyses showed IgH gene rearrangement. In the male patient, analysis revealed large, malignant lymphoma cells, an elevated IL-10:IL-6 ratio, and IgH gene rearrangement. The authors reviewed 20 previously reported cases of intraocular lymphoma with pseudo-hypopyon formation and made the observations that all but three of the 22 total cases (86.4%) occurred in the setting of systemic lymphoma; that inflammation was bilateral in 10 cases (45.5%); and that six eyes each had hyphema or increased intraocular pressure (IOP), including the two eyes of their two patients, as described above. In most of the 20 previously reported cases the diagnosis was based on histology and/or immunostaining of cells obtained from the aqueous humor.