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Binocular vision after refractive surgery in hyperopic patients
Published in Jan-Tjeerd de Faber, 28th European Strabismological Association Meeting, 2020
R Gómez-de-Liaño, E. Piedrahita, A. Arias-Puente
We have operated 3 Patients with NRC Accommodative esotropia, all 3 maintained their fusion at distance but 2/3 had a slight deterioration in the estereopsis and fusion amplitude (Graphs 4, 5 and 6). At the ocular motility examination in 2/3 cases we found a residual esophoria (1 case small, 1 case moderate) (Graph 7). They could compensate deviation without glasses although one needed them for reading. This situation was related with the hyperopia regression after refractive surgery.
Strabismus
Published in Mostafa Khalil, Omar Kouli, The Duke Elder Exam of Ophthalmology, 2019
Ahmed Hassane, Rizwan Malik, Obaid Kousha
Deviation of the eye that is hidden by fusion and revealed when fusion is broken, for example, with an alternating cover test. Esophoria: Inward deviation of the eyeExophoria: Outward deviation of the eye
Rehabilitation and management of visual dysfunction following traumatic brain injury
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Esophoric (i.e., nonstrabismic inward resting posture of the eyes) deviations of binocular vision are less common. This may be due to anatomical considerations or because esophorias are more difficult to compensate for and are more likely to break down into a strabismus. Poorly compensated esophoria will often cause eyestrain or headache around the eyes or temples. Treatment may include use of convex lenses for near work, base-out prism, and vision therapy similar to that described for exo-deviations. The same cautions regarding use of prisms apply here—perhaps even more so as base-out prism is more difficult to remove once the patient has become dependent on it.
Prevalence of binocular vision dysfunctions in professional football players
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2022
Jorge Jorge, Alberto Diaz-Rey, Madalena Lira
Porcar et al.29 presented the results of a study on symptomatic accommodative and non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions in adult video display unit users. These authors concluded that 22.5% of the participants had binocular vision dysfunctions, with convergence excess as the most frequent, followed by fusional vergence dysfunction. The study of Porcar et al.29 was one of the first to mention esophoria as the main cause for binocular vision dysfunctions, while the decrease of fusional vergences was noted as the second cause. Although these results were obtained for a population with a high near vision demand, they are in line with the results of the present study. One can speculate that the way athletes occupy their free time, such as using the smartphone or playing video games, may lead to the emergence of visual dysfunctions that are characteristic of other populations.20,30
Association between near viewing and acute acquired esotropia in children during tablet and smartphone use
Published in Strabismus, 2022
Esther Van Hoolst, Liesbet Beelen, Ivo De Clerck, Louise Petit, Irina Balikova, Ingele Casteels, Maria Dieltiëns, Catherine Cassiman
Tablet and smartphone associated esotropia is a relatively new phenomenon, and the causal relationship is not proven. Our study demonstrates that the ten case children showed a significantly smaller working distance compared to the controls. There was no significant difference in total time spent on a tablet or mobile device in the case group. Given these results, we postulate that mainly excessive convergence due to near tablet or smartphone use might be the main underlying mechanism of acquired comitant esotropia in this group of children. Children using a tablet or smartphone have a shorter working distance compared to the working distance during reading,10 leading to increased convergence forces. This leads to an increase in medial rectus muscle tone, which might cause acute acquired esotropia in individuals with low fusional capacity.8,11 This might be the precipitating factor in tablet or smartphone associated esotropia. Further, acute acquired esotropia might be caused by decompensated esophoria,12 which could be dissociated by excessive near-screen use. Given that two of the children had prior esodeviation, we believe that near viewing may exacerbate strabismus in children prone to strabismus.
Objective excyclotorsion in age-related distance esotropia
Published in Strabismus, 2022
There is another possible origin of the small esodeviation in ARDE. Patients with inherent deviation suppressed by these adaptational mechanisms may develop decompensated strabismus after getting old. When the inherent deviation is large, this decompensation may occur earlier and uncover the strabismus. Thus, the angle of the decompensated strabismus may be large in young patients and small in older patients. Ali et al.23 reported decompensated esotropia of 30 PD in eight patients aged 20–48 years. They considered that their patients became symptomatic when their enhanced divergence fusional amplitude no longer safely exceeded the esophoria. The much smaller esotropia in aged patients, as found in ARDE, may be attributable to this decompensation of inherent esophoria. The DFA of such patients should be the same as that of the age-matched controls.