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Onychotillomania (onychophagia, habit tic, median canaliform onychodystrophy)
Published in Robert Baran, Dimitris Rigopoulos, Chander Grover, Eckart Haneke, Nail Therapies, 2021
Onychophagia is considered as the habit of biting nails, frequently encountered between children (37% of the cases are seen in children 2–13 years old), which can be associated with different phycological conditions (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, separation anxiety disorder, major depressive disorders), especially when it is accompanied by other symptoms of the underlying disease. It can persist in adulthood and can lead to onychodystrophy, which in some cases can be severe (Figure 6.5). It is usually limited to fingernails, and it not infrequent for this condition to be found in members of the same family. Oral and dental problems can be seen in some cases, such as dental crowding, rotations, or malocclusion.
Posterior Maxillary Surgery: Its Place in the Treatment of Dentofacial Deformities
Published in Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan, 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
Greg J Knepil, Graham R Oliver
Distal repositioning of the posterior maxillary alveolus is suggested for increasing arch length for the management of orthodontic crowding, namely premolar or canine crowding. The authors acknowledge the need for this is rare and most issues can be managed orthodontically; however, they suggest its use in older patients where distal orthodontic tooth movement is more challenging. Notwithstanding this, the need for segmental maxillary surgery is lessened by the advancement of orthodontic techniques and mechanics, resulting in ever more achievable tooth movements and importantly greater acceptability to patients. The long-standing issues with all orthodontic and surgical movements are stability.
Diseases of the Masticatory Complex
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
Gunnar E. Carlsson, Bengt Ingervall, George A. Zarb
It appears that the orthodontic treatment of malocclusion in children in order to prevent potential mandibular dysfunction should be restricted to such types of intermaxillary malocclusion where later occlusal correction is difficult or impossible to carry out. Patients with malposition of individual teeth due to crowding, can be treated orthodontically almost equally effectively in adults and in children, and occasionally the condition can be easily corrected by occlusal grinding and/or some form of minor prosthodontic therapy. It is impossible to predict which patients will develop mandibular dysfunction. It is therefore prudent to remain cognizant of the need to prescribe treatment for adult dentitions and to prepare for such a contingency by adequate training of personnel.
Early orthodontic treatment in a Finnish public health centre: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Annika Arpalahti, Anni Saarnio-Syrjäläinen, Sirkku Laaksonen, Heidi Arponen
In children in orthodontic treatment in our sample, dental crowding was the most prevalent main diagnosis (34%), followed by deep bite (26%) and crossbite (21%). Both crowding and crossbite malocclusions can be effectively treated with quad-helix appliance in early mixed dentition. Headgear has also been proposed to be advantageous in eliminating crowding when started in early mixed dentition [39]. Correction of transverse discrepancies is recommended before skeletal growth velocity peak in order to induce more skeletal transverse craniofacial changes [40]. Quad-helix is effective for posterior crossbite correction in children [41,42]. Our findings imply that the previous recommendation of early treatment of transverse discrepancy and elimination of crowding is practiced in the healthcare centre investigated.
An Overview of Preferred Retinal Locus and Its Application in Biofeedback Training for Low-Vision Rehabilitation
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2022
Shengnan Li, Xuan Deng, Jinglin Zhang
Improved acuity is not guaranteed through repeated usage of PRL. Occasionally, improvements are limited at the retinal level, so we need to determine whether there is plasticity in the sensory system. Yashar etal.71demonstrated that cortical level crowding could be rapidly reduced and the ignorance of irrelevant flankers could be remarkably improved. Crowding refers to the “increased difficulty in identifying targets that are closely adjacent to other targets.45” It is characterized by measuring critical spacing, the minimum distance needed between atarget object and asimilar flanker object to allow recognition. An important property of crowding is that both the magnitude and the extent are smaller in the fovea than in the periphery, and the two-dimensional shape of the crowding zone is circular at the fovea and elliptical in the periphery. Based on this theory, the similarity analysis between PRL and the fovea can be assessed precisely by outlining PRL’s crowding zone.31
Updates on periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics
Published in Orthodontic Waves, 2021
Tian-Hao Wu, Xue-Dong Wang, Yan-Heng Zhou
PAOO technique as a surgically assisted method could significantly shorten the treatment duration, especially suitable for patients with moderate-to-severe dental crowding or with the requirement of bone augmentation. Reviewing the literature, we find that the PAOO technique has been applied in the following situations [27,29–33]: need to resolve crowding, especially moderate-to-severe crowding, in the short term;the canines need to be retracted quickly;impacted teeth open windows to help eruption;facilitation of maxillary arch expansion;orthognathic patients desiring a reduced treatment time.