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Trauma
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Danielle M. Prentice, Lauren A. Plante
Iodinated contrast medium is not known to be harmful to fetuses: it is not teratogenic and does not suppress fetal thyroid function. The American College of Radiology states, “We do not recommend withholding the use of iodinated contrast agents in pregnant or potentially pregnant patients when it is needed for diagnostic purposes” [80].
Gold Nanomaterials at Work in Biomedicine *
Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
Xuan Yang, Miaoxin Yang, Pang Bo, Madeline Vara, Younan Xia
X-ray CT is one of the most widely used modalities for medical imaging in the hospital. It can be used to obtain complementary anatomical information for diagnostics in a cost-effective fashion. For conventional X-ray CT, however, the contrast between different types of soft tissues is negligible, and a good contrast can only be achieved between hard and soft tissues when no contrast agent is applied [553]. As a result, conventional X-ray CT cannot be used alone to differentiate cancerous from normal tissues, rendering it essentially useless for the early stage detection of cancer or cancer metastasis. Various types of contrast agents, most of which are iodine-based compounds, have been developed to address this technical issue in terms of contrast [553]. Most of them, however, do not have targeting capabilities, resulting in contrast enhancement largely reliant on profusion.
Paper 4
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
The most likely cause of a hyperechoic liver lesion in a young patient is an incidental haemangioma and if the patient was not pregnant than a contrast enhanced MRI would be the most appropriate investigation. However, gadolinium-based contrast agent is avoided in pregnancy unless essential for diagnosis and management. An unenhanced MRI may still be helpful and is worth pursuing in the first instance. MRI should be avoided in the first trimester, and then in the second and third trimesters it is worth considering whether acoustic noise and specific absorption rate (SAR) can be reduced by amending the protocol.
A simple method of axillary venipuncture using single landmark for pacemaker leads implantation
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2023
Peng Zhao, Ying Wang, Shan Zeng
Subclavian vein puncture has been proved having potential risk, such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, subclavian vein crush syndrome and other. Cephalic venotomy is safe and avoids the complications but has a high failure rate of 10–16% [8,9]. The number of leads implanted by cephalic access often be limited due to venous size. To overcome these problems, multiple authors have demonstrated various techniques of axillary vein puncture [7,10–12]. There is no doubt that ultrasound and Doppler-guided axillary venipuncture can achieve high safeness and effectiveness [11], but these techniques require specialised equipment. Venography is another feasible visualisation of axillary vein during the implantation process. However, the contrast may be harmful for patients with renal failure, or cause contrast-induced allergy [13]. Moreover, venous spasm during contrast-guided axillary venipuncture is a common phenomenon [14]. So, anatomical landmark guided venipuncture has superior value in the view of clinical practicability.
Quercetin improves contrast-induced acute kidney injury through the HIF-1α/lncRNA NEAT1/HMGB1 pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Min Luo, Ziyu Liu, Zongren Hu, Qinghu He
Contrast is widely used in clinical practice, such as enhanced CT and cardiac catheterisation (Morcos et al. 2019). The incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) increases year by year, with an incidence ranging from 3 to 25% depending on risk factors, while for high-risk groups, the incidence is up to 30–50% (Cantais et al. 2016). Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is characterised by a decline in kidney function within the first 48–72 h following contrast administration, in the absence of alternative aetiologies (Mehran and Nikolsky 2006; McCullough et al. 2016). CI-AKI was reported to be the third major cause of AKI in hospitalised patients (Gleeson and Bulugahapitiya 2004; Do 2017). After the occurrence of CI-AKI, the incidence of long-term renal failure is increased. Even worse, CI-AKI is a rather detrimental complication that closely correlates with high morbidity and mortality (Liang et al. 2021). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has changed in recent years with new data from large randomised trials and updates to clinical guidelines (Kwon et al. 2021). Therefore, the number of coronary intervention cases in China will continue to increase, and the risk of CI-AKI is still increasing. Despite the terrible harmfulness of CI-AKI, there is still no best clinical practice to prevent it. Thus, it is very necessary to comprehensively understanding the pathological mechanism of CI-AKI and further developing effective therapeutical strategies.
Genotoxic effects of gadobutrol and gadoversetamide active substances used in magnetic resonance imaging in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Ece Akbas, Fatma Unal, Deniz Yuzbasioglu
Contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging have been widely applied in recent years to provide better contrast in images and to distinguish healthy tissues from pathological ones, thereby making the diagnosis of diseases more precise (Geraldes and Laurent 2009). Contrast agents are used in almost half of the MRI examinations performed today. Since it allows a higher quality in MR images, the use and the need for contrast agents are increasing day by day. Due to all these reasons, new contrast agents are consistently being explored and discovered (Xiao et al. 2016, Caspani et al. 2020). The most used contrast agents during MRI are gadolinium-based contrast agents (Wahsner et al. 2019). GBCAs have been largely used in radiology in the last 30 years since they have a higher magnetic moment compared to other agents and greatly improve the quality of MR images (Pullicino and Das 2017).