China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Conjunctivitis/Pinkeye
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Conjunctivitis from a viral infection usually clears up in about two weeks with or without treatment. Mild bacterial conjunctivitis may get better without antibiotic treatment and without causing any complications. It often improves in 2–5 days without treatment but can take two weeks to go away completely.1 Antibiotics may help accelerate healing from bacterial conjunctivitis, especially if there is a discharge of pus from the eye. An eye doctor needs to be consulted if the eye is red, there is moderate to severe pain, or there is sensitivity to light or blurred vision.2
Bacteria
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
This is a bacterial infection of the mucous membrane lining the eye socket. Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by a variety of bacteria: Hemophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Chlamydia sp. are probably the most common. “Pink eye” outbreaks among children are caused by Hemophilus aegypticus. The more serious disease, inclusion conjunctivitis, is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. This last organism causes trachoma in which there is an invasion of the cornea itself. Trachoma can cause blindness.
Conjunctiva
Published in Mostafa Khalil, Omar Kouli, The Duke Elder Exam of Ophthalmology, 2019
Omar Kouli, Mostafa Khalil, Rizwan Malik
Bacterial conjunctivitis may take an acute or chronic course. Pathogens for acute bacterial conjunctivitis include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and, rarely, Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Association between atopic dermatitis and conjunctivitis in adults: a population-based study in the United States
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Kevin K. Wu, Andrea J. Borba, Pierce H. Deng, April W. Armstrong
Conjunctivitis can be diagnosed with a detailed patient history and eye examination (7). Hyperemia of the eye is a hallmark symptom of conjunctivitis. Other symptoms of conjunctivitis may include pain, pruritus, and eye discharge. In bacterial, viral, and allergic conjunctivitis, pain is usually mild or absent. In a patient with continuous watery or serous discharge and pruritus, the diagnosis is most likely allergic conjunctivitis. Treatment for allergic conjunctivitis includes topical agents such as histamine receptor antagonists, mast cell stabilizers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroids. Patients with allergic conjunctivitis should avoid allergens by limiting outdoor exposure and keeping windows closed. Contact lens wearers should avoid putting on lenses during episodes of allergic conjunctivitis because doing so may trap allergens and exacerbate symptoms. In a patient with continuous watery or serous discharge without pruritus, the diagnosis is most likely viral conjunctivitis. Treatment for viral conjunctivitis is supportive and includes cold compresses, artificial tears, and topical ocular decongestants. In a patient with continuous and purulent discharge, the cause is most likely bacterial. Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis is also supportive because most patients with bacterial conjunctivitis improve after two to five days without antibiotics (7). If the patient reports moderate to severe pain, photophobia, or blurred vision, an emergent ophthalmology referral is appropriate.
Distribution and Diversity of Ocular Microbial Communities in Diabetic Patients Compared with Healthy Subjects
Published in Current Eye Research, 2018
Baknoon Ham, Hyung Bin Hwang, Sang Hoon Jung, Sungyul Chang, Kui Dong Kang, Man Jae Kwon
Among the several notable genera of the OS identified in this study (Table S6), samples obtained from healthy subjects had a relatively high proportion of Bradyrhizobiaceae (16.15% vs. 3.33%), Staphylococcus (12.41% vs. 0.83%), and Corynebacterium (6.51% vs. 2.38%). Although Bradyrhizobiaceae can be found in the conjunctiva of healthy subjects,2 it can also be detected in bacterial endophthalmitis.42 Different Staphylococcus strains have different levels of antibiotic resistance,43,44 and Corynebacterium is regarded as a potential cause of bacterial conjunctivitis.45 In the conjunctiva of diabetic patients, there is a relatively high proportion of Acinetobacter (43.36% vs. 2.96%) and Burkholderia (6.53% vs. 0.04%) relative to control. Although Acinetobacter has been reported to be one of the core microbiota of the OS,2,16 sight-threatening endophthalmitis caused by this bacteria genus has been reported.46–49 Thus, whether there is a specific bacterial genus that should be regarded as an ocular pathogen remains inconclusive, and further study is warranted.
Current management strategies of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstructions
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2021
Silvana Artioli Schellini, Victoria Marques-Fernandez, Roberta Lilian Fernandes Sousa Meneghim, Alicia Galindo-Ferreiro
Antibiotic eye drops are advocated in conjunction with massage as a conservative therapy for CNLDO [6,29]. However, there is no evidence that antibiotic eye drops significantly improve the chance of spontaneous resolution of CNLDO [30,31]. The conjunctival bacterial flora in CNLDO patients is almost identical to that seen in the normal population [30], and the use of antibiotic eye drops might induce bacterial resistance. As infants have premature immune systems and are less able to remove resistant bacteria [32], they may become carriers of these bacteria. Thus, antibiotic eye drops are completely unnecessary as a conservative therapy for pure CNLDO [25], only being indicated if there is secondary acute bacterial conjunctivitis.