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Cortical Visual Loss
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Patients with this type of apperceptive agnosia can see and match simple shapes, but do not integrate such shapes into a whole object. Patient HJA is the prototype (148). Such patients match simple forms slowly and slavishly copy drawings in a piecemeal fashion, but have trouble seeing the complex objects formed from multiple simple elements (129, 149). This creates problems with recognizing the impossibility of objects like those in Escher drawings, since these require appreciation that the local elements do not integrate into a correct global structure (150). These patients cannot tell real objects from incorrect objects that are made from parts of other objects, and have trouble seeing the objects in overlapping figures (148, 151). Causes of integrative agnosia include bilateral peri-striate occipital infarcts or a posterior variant of Alzheimer's disease (148, 151).
Rehabilitation of Visual Perceptual and Visual Spatial Disorders in Adults and Children
Published in Barbara A. Wilson, Jill Winegardner, Caroline M. van Heugten, Tamara Ownsworth, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2017
Barbara A. Wilson, Joe Mole, Tom Manly
Visual object agnosia is the inability to recognise objects despite adequate eyesight and naming ability; ‘a normal percept stripped of its meaning’ (Teuber, 1968). One distinction still widely used today is between associative and apperceptive agnosia (Lissauer, 1890). People with apperceptive agnosia cannot draw, match or point to objects named by the examiner, and are often thought to be blind. Objects, faces, letters and shapes can be affected and simultanagnosia, an inability to see more than one object or even part of an object at a time, is common (Wilson, 1999; Zoltan, 2007). In contrast, people with associative agnosia can copy and match and are not considered to be blind although may have problems identifying faces, colours and words (Farah, 2004).
Rehabilitation and management of visual dysfunction following traumatic brain injury
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Agnosia is the inability to recognize objects visually. Object recognition may be apperceptive, with which the perception of the object is faulty, or associative, with which the object is perceived correctly but cannot be associated with prior memories or past experience.169 In apperceptive agnosia, patients might not be able to match similar objects, draw or copy objects or shapes, or name objects by sight. However, if allowed to use tactile input, they could both name and match the object as well as describe its function. Apperceptive agnosia is rare and is associated with diffuse cerebral damage of the occipital lobes and surrounding areas.
Therapist-assisted vision therapy improves outcome for stroke patients with homonymous hemianopia alone or combined with oculomotor dysfunction
Published in Neurological Research, 2018
Peter Smaakjær, Signe Tornøe Tødten, Rune Skovgaard Rasmussen
The exclusion criteria were patients with reduced ability to perceive visual impressions correctly (apperceptive agnosia – defect in perception); ability to see clearly, but without the ability to associate what is seen with what is known. Reduced ability to recognise an object (associative agnosia – defect in association); inability to recognise more than one letter at a time or to recognise the form of a word. The patient sees only individual parts of a picture, but not the picture as a whole (simultanagnosia); patients with cognitive or physical problems who lack the motivation required to receive teaching or training in stereopsis; and markedly low scores in cognitive tests such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [13], Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) [14,15] or the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test [16], which would indicate an inability to complete the training. Furthermore it was expected that patients could take care of themselves in their own homes and not have memory problems that would prevent them from understanding or taking part in lessons.
Sheehan’s syndrome and sickle cell disease: the story of Natasha*
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
Barbara A. Wilson, Anita Rose, Gerhard Florschutz
The apperceptive agnosia explained why she had problems recognising objects and why she appeared to see only one part of the object at a time. Both these conditions are associated with simultanagnosia (only seeing one stimulus at a time) which would explain Natasha’s problems with reading. Both conditions are also associated with posterior lesions and this fits in with the results from the MRI scan, which found the frontal and temporal regions were spared. Hypoxic brain damage is the commonest cause of Balint’s syndrome so we wondered if Natasha had sustained this during the “critical incident” reported in her notes. Her medical records also note several strokes so either could account for the Balint’s syndrome and agnosia.
The neuropsychological rehabilitation of visual agnosia and Balint’s syndrome
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2019
Joost Heutink, Dana L. Indorf, Christina Cordes
This study utilised the academic databases Psychinfo, Medline, and Amed to search for peer-reviewed publications published in either English or German. Keywords used were “treatment” or “rehabilitation” in combination with each of the terms “visual agnosia,” “simultanagnosia,” “object agnosia,” “prosopagnosia,” “associative agnosia,” “apperceptive agnosia,” “colour agnosia,” “form agnosia,” “semantic agnosia,” “topographical agnosia,” and “Balint’s syndrome” in either English or German translation. We did not define a certain time period for the inclusion of the listed results and did not include unpublished data. Abstracts of the listed results were reviewed to identify those articles addressing the topic at hand.