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Enterovirus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Conjunctivitis is linked to several enteroviruses (e.g., CV-A24, CV-B2, E-7, E-11, and EV70) and shows characteristic subconjunctival hemorrhage (either petechial or larger blotches) and transient keratitis, with polio-like paralytic illness as possible neurological complication. Major epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to EV-70 were described in Africa, the Americas, and the Far East between 1969 and 1974.
Nonpolio Enteroviruses, Polioviruses, and Human CNS Infections
Published in Sunit K. Singh, Daniel Růžek, Neuroviral Infections, 2013
The hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a self-limiting childhood disease characterized by fever, vesicular lesions on the buccal mucosa and tongue, and small, tender cutaneous lesions on the hands, feet, and buttocks. Herpangina is a disease characterized by an onset with fever and odynophagia associated with vesicular or ulcerative lesions of the tonsils, uvula, and soft palate (Keels 2010). HEV71, CVA16, CVA10 cause HFMD and herpangina. The illness usually resolves in 2 to 3 days without complications (Pallansch and Ross 2001). The main complications of HFMD are encephalitis and a polio-like disease. The infection with CVA16 is not associated with neurological disease, but the rash it causes is indistinguishable from that caused by HEV71. In children younger than 5 years, the exanthem caused by enteroviruses manifest as rubelliform or roseola-like rashes on the face, neck, and trunk. The petechial and purpuric rash caused by infection with echovirus 9 or CVA9 could create a confusion with meningococcemia if aseptic meningitis occurs simultaneously. A highly contagious acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is commonly caused by HEV70 and a new antigenic variant CVA24v and adenovirus (Leveque et al. 2010; Sane et al. 2008). This ocular infection is characterized by pain, periorbital swelling, red eyes with conjunctival hemorrhage and excessive tearing, usually with involvement of the second eye within 24 to 48 h. The illness is self-limited and resolves within 10 days without complications. When AHC is caused by HEV70, the CNS diseases can occur.
The practise of paediatric optometry in a low‐resource environment
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2020
Stephen Ocansey, Emmanuel Kwasi Abu, Odamtten Nii armah, Enyam Ka Morny
Respondents were asked to indicate how often they diagnosed named conditions in either toddlers or pre‐schoolers. The distribution of the responses (Figure 2) shows that the most common diagnoses among toddlers were refractive error (25 per cent), ophthalmia neonatorum (24 per cent), strabismus (20 per cent), and the least often reported were congenital pathologies such as cataract and retinoblastoma (18 per cent) followed by amblyopia (13 per cent). Comparatively, the most often reported diagnoses for pre‐school patients were ocular pathologies (33 per cent), especially acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis followed by refractive error (28 per cent), and strabismus (21 per cent), while the least often reported diagnosis was amblyopia. Figure 2 shows the commonly reported diagnoses made among toddlers and pre‐schooler paediatric patients by respondents.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with coxsackievirus A10: more serious than it seems
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Lianlian Bian, Fan Gao, Qunying Mao, Shiyang Sun, Xing Wu, Siyuan Liu, Xiaoming Yang, Zhenglun Liang
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), an acute febrile disease that is usually caused by human enteroviruses (EV-A–D), and is characterized by fever and vesicular exanthema mostly in hands, feet, and oral mucosa, generally affects children in their early childhood [1,2]. EV-A–D are members of the genus Enterovirus within the family Picornaviridae, including four species (A–D) [3]. Besides HFMD, EV-A–D infection can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild symptoms to fatal disease, such as herpangina (HA), acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, acute respiratory tract infection, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and acute flaccid parlay [4,5].
Sequelae from Epidemic Viral Conjunctivitis Can Be Associated with Inflammatory Trachoma in Schoolchildren?
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2018
Roberta Lilian Fernandes de Sousa Meneghim, Magda Massae Hata Viveiros, Alicia Galindo-Ferreiro, Carlos Roberto Padovani, Silvana Artioli Schellini
Viral conjunctivitis (VC) is highly contagious and can affect a significant number of individuals. There are several forms of VC, including pharyngoconjunctival fever, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, or acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.1