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Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Piers Blombery, David C. Linch
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma accounts for approximately 5%–10% of cases of NHL in Western countries. They are a heterogenous group of lymphoproliferative disorders which are biologically diverse. This is reflected in their different clinical presentation as well as their prognosis and response to therapy. PTCL can be broadly separated into those that have primarily nodal, extra-nodal, and leukemic presentations. The nodal PTCLs can be further divided into four main subtypes: angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), ATLL, and PTCL-NOS. Although this classification is largely based on clinical, morphological, and immunophenotypic features, GEP studies have validated this classification by demonstrating distinct patterns of gene expression in each group.82 Furthermore, GEP data have helped clarify the presence of various subtypes within the PTCL-NOS category (which is largely a diagnosis of exclusion), including a “cytotoxic” subtype with an apparently inferior outcome.82 Aggressive extra-nodal PTCLs include such entities as hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL), extra-nodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (nasal type), and intestinal T-cell lymphomas.
The lymphoreticular system and bone marrow
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
In the past, T-cell lymphomas have been difficult to classify, and many are now included under the general category of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (NOS). Most of these are nodal tumours showing, as a rule, a pleomorphic cellular picture due to varying admixtures of small lymphoid elements and transformed cells (immunoblasts) with a correspondingly unpredictable, but usually poor, prognosis.
The Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas and Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Lynne V. Abruzzo, L. Jeffrey Medeiros
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) was originally called Ki-1 lymphoma because the neoplastic cells reacted with the Ki-1 antibody, which recognizes the CD30 antigen. The majority of cases are of T-cell lineage and have distinct clinicopathologic features. Thus, this category is included as one of the specific variants of peripheral T-cell lymphoma in the REAL Classification. However, approximately 20% of histologically similar cases are of B-cell lineage, and approximately 5% lack either immunophenotypic or molecular genetic evidence of T-cell or B-cell lineage.
Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma based on anatomical sites and histological subtype
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Tingxuan Huang, Taiqin Wang, Xuefen Fang, Ping Su, Xiaoyun Huang, Haiying Fu, Tingbo Liu
The patient characteristics in our series stratified by anatomic site and histological subtype are shown in Table 1. In patients with gastrointestinal tract involvement, the intestine (n = 237) involvement was more common than the stomach (n = 219), with the small intestine being the most frequent site of tumor involvement (21.5% of all gastrointestinal tract cases). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common subtype of NHL in the stomach (32.2%), followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) (7.9%). Similar to the stomach cases, DLBCL (n = 134) was also the most common subtype of NHL in the intestinal. We found 28 cases involving multiple intestinal tracts. The proportion of T-cell lymphoma was relatively low, with the peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) subtype (3.1%) being the most common.
Rapid T-cell lymphoma progression associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2023
Although similar investigations are underway for peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), available clinical outcomes are unsatisfactory. One noticeable adverse event reported in these trials was hyperprogressive disease (HPD) occurring shortly after initial ICI administration [6–8]. HPD is well known to clinicians treating patients with solid malignancy, although a uniform definition does not exist [1,9,10]. A definition that is acceptable is when there is a twofold or greater increase in the tumor growth rate while on immunotherapy [11]. According to a systematic review and meta-analysis of HPD, the pooled incidence of HPD was 13.4% [12]. Survival comparison between 23 non-small cell lung cancer patients with HPD and 138 patients who had progressive disease without HPD demonstrated a substantially poorer overall survival in the former (hazard ratio: 2.2, P = 0.003) [13]. Currently, there are no available data on lymphomas such as CHL. Herein, we summarize case report/series on ICI-related HPD with a focus on PTCL and view the possible onset mechanisms of this event. A literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases for English and Japanese literature, and search terms were as follows: ‘(((ATLL) or (adult T-cell leukemia) or (peripheral T-cell lymphoma) or (PTCL)) and ((rapid progression) or (hyperprogression)) and ((immune checkpoint inhibitor) or (pembrolizumab) or (nivolumab))).’ Additionally, we performed a manual search to find more papers.
More Accurate Diagnosis of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma Using a Combination of Diagnostic Test Results: A Prospective Observational Study
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Rie Tanaka, Toshikatsu Kaburaki, Kazuki Taoka, Ayako Karakawa, Hideki Tsuji, Masako Nishikawa, Yutaka Yatomi, Aya Shinozaki‐Ushiku, Tetsuo Ushiku, Fumiyuki Araki
Fifty-four (96.4%) of the patients in the VRL group showed vitreous opacification and 26 (46.4%) showed fundus abnormalities on dilated fundus examination; 19 patients (33.9%) in this group showed typical subretinal tumor infiltration. Twenty-five patients had primary VRL and 18 developed extraocular lymphoma after vitrectomy. Twenty-nine patients had a previous medical history of extraocular ML (secondary VRL). In the remaining two patients, it was difficult to determine whether VRL or extraocular ML was the antecedent symptom. The location of the extraocular ML lesions was the CNS (n = 30, 53.6%), lymph nodes (n = 7, 12.5%), testis (n = 6, 10.7%), and other sites (n = 6, 10.7%). Thirty-nine patients underwent biopsy of an extraocular ML lesion. Pathologically, most of these lesions were diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (n = 35), with one case each of intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma, low-grade B-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. A further 10 patients in whom CNS lymphoma developed after diagnostic vitrectomy but brain biopsies were not performed because of the tumor location were diagnosed to have CNS lymphoma on the basis of findings on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and response to therapy.