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Tumours of the Head and Neck in Childhood
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Fiona B. MacGregor, James Hayden
Nodular Lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (nLPHD) is now recognized as a separate entity. Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is further subdivided into 4 types: (1) Nodular sclerosis classic HL, (2) Lymphocyte-rich classic HL, (3) Mixed cellularity classic HL, and (4) Lymphocyte-depleted classic HL. The commonest type in children and young adults (0–24 yrs) is nodular sclerosing classic HL. There is an association with previous infection with Epstein–Barr virus.21
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Published in Dongyou Liu, Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Clinical symptoms resulting from direct or indirect effects of nodal or extranodal involvement cells (e.g., NLPHL) include painless lymphadenopathy (commonly involving the supraclavicular or cervical area). However, CHL involving mediastinum affects about 75% of adolescents and young adults and is mostly asymptomatic.
Efficacy and safety of front-line treatments for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic literature review
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2020
Mehul Dalal, Jatin Gupta, Kim Price, Athanasios Zomas, Harry Miao, Ajibade Ashaye
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is categorized as either classical HL or nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL (NLPHL) (based on lymphoma cell morphology and phenotype, and the composition of the cellular infiltrate), which account for approximately 95% and 5% of cases, respectively [1]. The Ann Arbor system categorizes HL into Stages I–IV; although not uniformly used, Stages I/II with no risk factors are considered limited stages, Stages I/II with at least one risk factor (such as large mediastinal mass, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] or ≥4 nodal areas) are considered intermediate stages, and Stages III and IV are advanced [2]. Stage IIB is considered advanced if associated with the risk factors of large mediastinal mass and/or extra-nodal disease [2]. Extra-nodal involvement is less common in HL compared with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), with approximately 5% of HL occurring at extra-nodal sites [3].
Update on the classification of T-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, and histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2019
Akira Satou, N. Nora Bennani, Andrew L. Feldman
Hodgkin lymphomas are lymphoid neoplasms often presenting in young adults, usually affecting lymph nodes, and pathologically composed of large neoplastic cells constituting only a small proportion of the tumor tissue with a rich background of non-neoplastic cells. Hodgkin lymphomas include two main types, nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) and classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Significant findings relating to Hodgkin lymphomas since the 2017 WHO classification are summarized in Table 3. NLPHL is a rare entity accounting for 3–5% of Hodgkin lymphoma [86,87]. Six distinct histologic patterns of NLPHL have been described: classic nodular B-cell rich (A), serpiginous nodular (B), nodular with prominent extranodular tumor cells (C), T-cell-rich nodular (D), diffuse T-cell-rich (E), and diffuse B-cell-rich (F) [88]. Pattern C through F are associated with advanced disease and higher relapse rate than patterns A and B [89], and the pattern should be noted if possible in the diagnostic report. NLPHL and T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) share a number of features, and it has been suggested that NLPHL with a diffuse pattern overlaps with THRLBCL [89–91]. In the 2017 WHO classification, NLPHL cases that progress to a diffuse T-cell-rich pattern are designated ‘THRLBCL-like transformation of NLPHL’ [24]. Both NLPHL and THRLBCL have recently been shown to share recurrent mutations including those involving JUNB, DUSP2, and SGK1, further supporting the close relationship between these entities [92,93].
Hodgkin lymphoma involving extranodal sites in head and neck: report of twenty-nine cases and review of three-hundred and fifty-seven cases
Published in Hematology, 2021
Saad Akhtar, Yassir Khafaga, Wael Edesa, Mustafa Al-Mubarak, M. Shahzad Rauf, Irfan Maghfoor
Precise pathology with a specific site was available for 304 patients (85%) (Table 4 and Appendix 1). Some papers provided various histological subtypes or detailed pathology as a group without the site. Many reports only mentioned ‘Hodgkin lymphoma’ while some stated classical HL (cHL) without further sub-classification. Reported pathology was mixed cellularity in 99 (27.7%) patients followed by nodular sclerosis in 88 (24.6%), nodular lymphocyte predominant (NLPHL) in 56 (15.7%), lymphocyte rich in 25 (7%), cHL-not otherwise specified in 16 (4.5%), lymphocyte depleted in 7 (2%) patients, ‘Hodgkin lymphoma’ (no other details provided) in 63 (17.6) and HL-interfollicular in 3 (1.5%) patients.