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The Precision Medicine Approach in Oncology
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Finally, there has been interest in developing novel dosing technologies so that more accurate doses of oncology agents can be administered to cancer patients based on parameters including not just their weight, but other factors such as their metabolizing profile. This can potentially reduce the amount of chemotherapy agent administered tailored to individual patients, thus decreasing the occurrence and intensity of side effects. These approaches are discussed in Section 11.6.10.
Diseases of the Peripheral Nerve and Mononeuropathies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Diana Mnatsakanova, Charles K. Abrams
Platinum chemotherapy agent designed to have fewer side effects. However, it has actually been associated with a unique, but frequent, sensory neuropathy, which is triggered or exacerbated by cold exposure. The neuropathy is rapidly reversible without persistent impairment of sensory function.
Oncology
Published in Roy Palmer, Diana Wetherill, Medicine for Lawyers, 2020
Chemotherapy may produce nausea and vomiting and a general feeling of malaise, accompanied by a decrease in the elements that form blood, most notably white blood cells, which are used to combat infection. Thus, from about 10 days after a chemotherapy injection, when the white cells are at their nadir, patients will need to be monitored to ensure that they are not at any greater risk of infection, and if they are, prevention or treatment must begin. An overwhelming infection can occur at this point and is, unfortunately one of the most serious side-effects of chemotherapy. In addition, each specific chemotherapy agent has its own special range of side-effects, e.g. some drugs may be toxic to the heart and some to the kidneys.
Perspectives on the future of urothelial carcinoma therapy: chemotherapy and beyond
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Alberto Bianchi, Markus von Deimling, Maximilian Pallauf, Takafumi Yanagisawa, Tatsushi Kawada, Hadi Mostafaei, Fahad Quhal, Ekaterina Laukhtina, Pawel Rajwa, Muhammad Majdoub, Reza Sari Motlagh, Benjamin Pradere, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Maria Angela Cerruto, Alessandro Antonelli, Shahrokh F. Shariat
From this perspective, the increasing molecular characterization of UC has allowed the investigation of ADCs’ role in this disease. The mechanism of action of these novel agents acts on targeted cancer cells and is based on the cytotoxic effect of the chemotherapy agent delivered directly within the tumor, theoretically improving efficacy and inducing less off-target toxicities. Moreover, the mechanism of action of ADCs goes beyond mere induction of cancer cell death by the cytotoxic payload. Combining the immunological functions of naked antibodies with those of cytotoxic agents, ADCs play a key role in TME immune modulation and, ultimately, enhancing antitumor immunity [98]. Therefore, ADCs possess a synergistic activity when combined with ICIs, emerging as a promising candidate for combination strategies in UC.
Safety of Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Cancer Treatment: Effect on Cancer Cells and Chemotherapy in Vitro
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Safiye Aktaş, Pınar Ercetin, Zekiye Altun, Mehmet Kantar, Nur Olgun
One of the limitations of the present study is that we investigated the most-used chemotherapy agent for each cancer cell line. We did not test all the chemotherapeutics used in multimodal cancer treatment. The present research was conducted as an In Vitro study. In cell culture studies it is not always possible to represent a multi-regimen chemotherapy protocol during clinical usage. Another limitation of the culture of cancer cell lines In Vitro is that they do not fully represent the immune microenvironment of the tumor in the cancer patient. However, there are sufficient data to suggest that EPA does not downregulate the immune system of the patient but exerts an immune effect. We think that our negative results demonstrate that it is not necessary to conduct any further In Vivo studies in animal models.
Treatment of advanced breast cancer with a metronomic schedule of oral vinorelbine: what is the opinion of Italian oncologists?
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2018
Marina E. Cazzaniga, Elisabetta Munzone, Emilia Montagna, Giovanni Pappagallo
Metronomic chemotherapy is the frequent administration of very low doses of chemotherapy [1]. These doses are considered to be the minimum biologically effective dose of a chemotherapy agent that will lead to antitumor activity when given as a continuous dosing regimen with no prolonged drug-free breaks [2,3]. Metronomic chemotherapy has antiangiogenic and immunogenic properties, and in contrast to administering chemotherapy in a traditional dosing regimen, metronomic chemotherapy mostly has a very low toxicity profile [3]. Although metronomic chemotherapy was initially thought to target angiogenesis through activated endothelial cells in tumors, evidence now suggests that it is a multi-targeted therapy [4,5]. Metronomic chemotherapy uses a dose far lower than the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). When administered in this way, the drug no longer acts directly on the cancerous cells; rather, it acts on the host via antiangiogenic effects and through stimulation of the immune system [4].