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Prediction of Cervical Cancer Using Machine Learning
Published in Meenu Gupta, Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki, Fadi Al-Turjman, Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective, 2021
Ashish Kumar, Revant Singh Rai, Mehdi Gheisari
Cervical screening helps in the early detection of cancer. It can take years for pre-cancerous lesions to form, and they can be left undiscovered. This is the reason why women above the age of 30 should regularly get screened.
Pre-conceptual and antenatal care
Published in Helen Baston, Midwifery, 2020
Cervical screening. What is cervical screening? www.nhs.uk/conditions/cervical-screening/. This resource uses simple language and an animated video to talk through the procedure for having screening and getting results.
Cancer screening
Published in Mark R Baker, Modernising Cancer Services, 2018
The NHS cervical screening programme was established in 1988 when all health authorities introduced computerised call and recall systems. Cervical screening is a method of preventing cancer by detecting and treating precancerous changes in the cervix. The programme aims to reduce both the number of women who develop invasive cancer and the number of women who die from it. All women between the ages of 20 and 64 years are eligible for a cervical smear test at least once every five years. Health authorities invite women who are registered with a general practitioner to use a computerised call and recall system. The system also keeps track of any follow-up investigation and, if all is well, recalls the women for screening at a due date in the future. The programme screens almost 4 million women in England each year, and 84% of these women have been screened within the previous five years. The NHS Plan5 has recently announced that, over the next few years, liquid-based cytology will be introduced into the NHS. This is a new technology for preparing the smear samples to increase their accuracy and reduce the number of inadequate cervical smear tests taken. Automation of the smear-reading process is currently also being examined within the programme. Such technology will assist and improve the smear-reading process and the efficiency of the service.
Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and the Intention among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional, Correlational Study
Published in Journal of Community Health Nursing, 2022
Seongkum Heo, Tara F. Bertulfo, Patricia Troyan, Justus Randolph
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States (Meites et al., 2021). The estimated number of individuals who had a disease-associated HPV infection in 2018 among males and females aged 15 through 59 was approximately 23 and 19 million, respectively (Lewis et al., 2021). The incidence is 13 to 14 million per year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.-b; Meites et al., 2021), and almost 50% of the incidence occurs in young adults aged 15 through 24 (Meites et al., 2021). In the United States each year, HPV infection causes approximately 36,000 cases of cancer, including penile cancer in males; cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers in females; and anal and oropharyngeal cancers in both males and females (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.-a, n.d.-b). Among those cancers, only cervical cancer can be detected early by cervical screening tests (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.-a), while other types of cancers can be detected only after the conditions become serious. Therefore, prevention of HPV infection is critically important, especially in young populations.
Access to and engagement with cervical and breast screening services for women with disabilities in Aotearoa New Zealand
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Janet Pearson, Deborah Payne, Karen Yoshida, Nicholas Garrett
These demographic differences showed various degrees of association with cervical or breast screening practices. There is a significant association between ever having a cervical smear and whether they lived with family/partner. Living with a family member/partner is an important enabling factor. The association suggests that disabled women would benefit from living with family/partner, as it is assumed family/partners may encourage, teach or take them to the screening practice. Kushalnagar et al. [4], in their analysis of US national data examining Deaf women’s adherence to cervical and breast cancer screening recommendations, found that Deaf women either in or having been in a partnership had significantly higher adherence rates to cervical cancer screening than those Deaf women who were not. Another explanation may be that one of the current criteria for cervical screening is that of a woman ever being sexually active. Hence women who were living with a spouse/partner (over three-quarters of those in the “living with family/partner” group) may be more aware and see themselves meeting that criterion. Similarly, their general practitioner may encourage them to have a smear.
Jordanian women’s attitudes towards cervical cancer screening: has the pattern changed?
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020
Fida Asali, Rashid Abdel-Razeq, Ahmad Al-Thunaibat, Abrar Okour, Salem Abu Mahfouz, Ismaiel Abu Mahfouz
Sixty-two percent of the women in our study had never had a smear test. A study in 2002 reported a rate of 74.5% (Maaita and Barakat 2002). We were expecting a rate higher than 62% considering the demographics of our cohort of young, educated and employed women in the era of advanced technologies in media and communication. The effect of media was reported by Jenkins et al. (1999). They showed that media education had increased awareness and intentions to take a cervical smear test sand other screening tests. A recent report from the United Kingdom confirmed the earlier positive impact of media on Smear test uptake. It was associated with a significant, increase in cervical screening test uptake. In addition to colposcopy referrals and attendance (MacArthur et al. 2011). This should be considered in any future health education and promotion plans.