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Breast Imaging with Radiolabeled Peptides
Published in Raymond Taillefer, Iraj Khalkhali, Alan D. Waxman, Hans J. Biersack, Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast, 2021
Eric P. Krenning, Marion de Jong, Roelf Valkema, Casper H.J. van Eijck
In this study we showed a higher sensitivity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy compared with these tumor markers to detect the development of recurrent breast cancer in patients with somatostatin receptor-positive primary breast cancer. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy demonstrated recurrent disseminated breast cancer in six (only one of whom was symptomatic for recurrence) of 28 patients with somatostatin receptor-positive primary tumors. All six patients had normal CA 15-3 and CEA serum values. Another three of these 28 patients had abnormal serum tumor markers, two of whom had an abnormal somatostatin receptor scintigram. The third patient, who only showed marginally elevated CA 15-3 serum levels both at first presentation and at follow-up, is clinically in complete remission 3.2 years after operation. Possibly the CA 15-3 in this patient is false-positive for breast cancer.
Cancer
Published in Spyridon E. Kintzios, Maria G. Barberaki, Evangelia A. Flampouri, Plants That Fight Cancer, 2019
Breast cancer is associated with increasing age, heredity (especially as far as mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes are concerned), sexual activity, obesity, and pregnancy history. Although the incidence of the disease is high (>24%), survival rates have been remarkably increased, even for advanced stages (III) of the disease. The disease can be efficiently detected at an early stage by self-examination and mammography. In addition, the disease is presumably associated with elevated concentrations of CA15-3. Breast cancer is also classified according to the existence of estrogen receptors (ER-positive), progesterone receptors (PR-negative), human epidermal growth factor 2 receptors (HER2-positive), or none at all (triple negative), the last one being the least amenable to targeted treatment.
Answers
Published in Thomas Hester, Iain MacGarrow, Surgical SBAs for Finals with Explanatory Answers, 2018
Ca 19-9 is a tumour marker grossly raised in pancreatic carcinoma. It can also be raised with other pathology but not to such a great extent, e.g. colorectal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma and hepatoma. Ca 125 is specific for ovarian carcinoma, Ca 15-3 is raised in breast cancer, AFP (α-fetoprotein) is raised in the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma or teratoma, and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) is used to monitor recurrence of colorectal carcinoma postoperatively.
Reference change value and measurement uncertainty in the evaluation of tumor markers
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2021
Hatice Bozkurt Yavuz, Mehmet Akif Bildirici, Hüseyin Yaman, Süleyman Caner Karahan, Yüksel Aliyazıcıoğlu, Asım Örem
Tumor markers are widely used and they are preferred for diagnosis and follow-up of the wide range of cancers. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is considered diagnostic for hepatocellular carcinoma, non-seminomatous testicular carcinoma [14]. Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) antigen levels are increased in many patients with epithelial breast carcinoma. High CA 15-3 antigen levels can also be found in patients with lung, ovarian, pancreas, and colorectal cancer, as well as in non-malignant conditions, such as benign breast and liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatitis [15]. Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) may be present in increased concentrations in some ovarian malignancies [16]. Cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) antigen is elevated in patients with colorectal, pancreatic, gallbladder, hepatocellular, stomach, and esophageal cancers. Non-cancerous conditions that may increase CA 19-9 antigen levels include cirrhosis, cholangitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and non-malignant gastrointestinal diseases [17]. Measuring serum Carcino Embriyonic Antigen (CEA) level has been shown to have important benefits in terms of prognosis and follow-up of patients with malignant diseases, especially colorectal cancer [18].
Aptamer-based sensing of breast cancer biomarkers: a comprehensive review of analytical figures of merit
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Rajesh Ahirwar, Nabab Khan, Saroj Kumar
Cancer antigen 15–3 and 27-29 (CA 15–3 and CA 27-29) are the highly glycosylated transmembrane proteins called mucins (MUC) expressed on the apical surface of most normal epithelial cells of several tissues, where it work as a protective layer . Structurally, the MUC1 consists of a cytoplasmic domain at its C-terminal, a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain, and an extracellular domain containing 12–125 repeats of a 20-amino acids sequence GSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTRPAP (target for O-glycosylation) at its N-terminal domain [27,44]. The extracellular domain has cell adhesive properties, and the cytoplasmic domain is involved in cell signaling. The MUC1 gene encoding these two antigenic proteins is overexpressed in many cancers (e.g. in 96.7% of invasive lung cancers, 90% of pancreatic, prostate and epithelial ovarian cancers, and 70% of breast cancers), causing increased production of CA 15–3 and 27.29. The shredded antigens from tumor cells can be detected in the serum, making them tumor markers for malignancies of breast pancreatic, lung, ovarian, colon and liver [45]. However, as various other noncancerous health conditions, such as pregnancy, endometriosis, ovarian cysts, and benign diseases of breast, kidney, liver, etc can also elevate the levels of these markers, these cannot be used for screening organ-specific carcinogenicity. Rather, the serum levels of CA 15–3 and CA 27-29 are used to determine the prognosis of breast cancer and monitor the therapeutic efficacy in advanced disease and post-operative surveillance [46].
A novel serum metabolome score for breast cancer diagnosis
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2020
R Rashed, H Darwish, M Omran, A Belal, F Zahran
We focused on the quantification of three candidate serum metabolites derived from nucleosides: 8-hydroxy-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 1-methylguanosine (1-MG) and 1-methyl adenosine (1-MA). Through oxidative DNA damage, which increases in cancer, the rate of 8-OHdG production increases [21]. Metabolites 1-MA, and 1-MG are related to RNA turnover and methyl-transferase activity which increase in the cancer cell process. This small metabolome may be quantified as a mixture utilizing gas GC-MS [22,23]. We hypothesised that individual and combined levels of serum 8-OHdG, 1-MG, and 1-MA would provide discrimination of breast cancer patients, and so develop a new diagnostic tool as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. We tempered our hypothesis by including one of the leading breast cancer marker – serum CA15-3.