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Sjögren's Disease
Published in Jason Liebowitz, Philip Seo, David Hellmann, Michael Zeide, Clinical Innovation in Rheumatology, 2023
B and T cells infiltrating the salivary glands of SjD can organize into so-called ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS), with germinal centers and surrounding mantle and marginal zones of lymphocytes, as is seen in secondary lymphoid organs. These ELS exhibit functional features of germinal centers with antigen presentation and antibody production (135). B cells and plasma cells associated with ELS frequently display autoreactivity toward disease-specific autoantigens, actively contributing to the maintenance of autoimmunity (136). ELS form around intercalated ducts, underscoring the central role of ductal epithelial cells as an active player in the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmunity in SjD (autoimmune epithelitis) (137). ELS are present in about 30–40% of SjD patients with a focus score of ≥1 (138–143) and are associated with more severe systemic manifestations, including higher frequencies of autoantibodies and higher disease severity (144–146). A higher risk of B cell lymphoma was observed in some reports (142, 147), but not in others (148–150). A major issue in identifying ELS is the lack of a standardized detection method in tissue samples. Immunohistochemical staining for CD21 and BCL6 is used most commonly (148, 151).
Haematological Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
NHLs are malignant tumours of B or T lymphocytes affecting lymph nodes and/or other organs of the lymphoreticular system (spleen/liver). B-cell lymphomas are more common and generally have a better prognosis than T-cell lymphomas. Extranodal disease can occur.
Involvement of Dopamine with Various Cancers
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
B-cell lymphomas have several subtypes, including diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma [20,21]. Normal and malignant human B lymphocytes were examined for expression of DA pathway components and for cytostatic responses to DA and related compounds [22]. DA in the micromolar range rapidly arrested the proliferation of both normal and malignant lymphocytes. L-Dopa and apomorphine also showed antiproliferative activity. With the exception of D4R, all other DAR subtypes were variably expressed in normal and neoplastic B cells, as was DAT. The authors concluded that the impact of DA on lymphocytes provides an opportunity for therapeutic intervention in B cell neoplasia and other lymphoproliferative disorders. Another study reported that addition of DA to cultured Burkitt lymphoma cells (Raji, Namalwa, Daudi, and Jijoye) caused a rapid and an extensive cell death, while a myeloma cell line, SKO, was unresponsive [23]. Additions of fetal calf serum or supernatant from cultures of Raji or T24 bladder carcinoma cells partially counteracted the effect of DA, suggesting that DA acted by inhibiting the production of unidentified endocrine/autocrine factors.
Evaluation of the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma based on anatomical sites and histological subtype
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Tingxuan Huang, Taiqin Wang, Xuefen Fang, Ping Su, Xiaoyun Huang, Haiying Fu, Tingbo Liu
It has been reported that gastric NHL accounted for more than half of all cases [11]. Our results stand in stark contrast. Intestinal cases outnumber stomach cases, accounting for 52.0% of total gastrointestinal tract NHL. This could possibly be due to the patients with intestinal NHL having more severe symptoms (such as obstruction, bleeding and perforations), and are more prone to seek treatment at our tertiary hospital than patients with gastric NHL. B-cell lymphoma is substantially more common than T-cell lymphoma, with two subtypes, DLBCL and MALT, predominating. Warrick et al. [12] found that MALT is more common in the stomach than in other areas, while DLBCL affects all portions of the gastrointestinal tract. This pattern was discovered to be consistent with our data as well. Follicular lymphoma (FL) (78.9%) appears to be primarily intestinal NHL, particularly in the small intestine, in our case. No other B-cell lymphoma had demonstrated such a strong tendency to involve the small intestine. Similar findings have also been observed in recently conducted studies [13,14].
DDX3: a relevant therapeutic target for lymphoma?
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2022
Marion Lacroix, Hugues Beauchemin, Tarik Möröy
Finally, it is conceivable that the combination of established drug treatments for B lymphoma with DDX3 inhibitors could prove beneficial. The current treatments for B cell lymphoma include standard chemotherapeutic agents (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, doxorubicin, and cytarabine), although some targeted therapies have shown success (Rituximab). Previous reports indicated that simultaneous inhibition of DDX3 and PARP1 shows synergistic effects on cell growth and tumorigenicity; or even that DDX3 inhibition causes radiosensitization on breast cancer cells [14,15]. It is therefore possible that a combination of DDX3 inhibitors with standard treatments for B malignancies may be beneficial and improve disease outcomes. If such combinations permit to reduce chemotherapy doses and lower toxicity, the risk of secondary cancers arising later in life as seen in pediatric patients with B lymphoma may be mitigated. However, a better understanding of DDX3 mechanistic role in B cells is necessary to assess which therapeutic combination could be beneficial.
Large pancreatic mass with chylous ascites
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Madhuri Badrinath, Ajay Tambe, Rachana Mandru, Sheikh Saleem, David Heisig
Fine-needle aspiration of the mass was performed. Microscopic examination revealed numerous small and large lymphoid cells, with irregular nuclear membrane contours, in a background of pancreatic acinar cells. Immunohistochemical stains showed lymphoid cells strongly positive for CD20 and a few scattered cells stained with CD5 (Figure 2). These findings were consistent with possible B-cell lymphoma. A positron emission tomography-CT scan showed the pancreatic mass associated with metabolically active inguinal, aortocaval, juxtadiaphragmatic, and inframammary lymphadenopathy (Figure 3a). The low-level fluorodeoxyglucose activity of ascites was suggestive of malignant ascites. The patient underwent a diagnostic laparoscopic biopsy of the mass confirming the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma of germinal center origin positive for CD10, BCL6, BCL2, and CD45. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed no evidence of double- or triple-hit lymphoma. The patient received six cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) and tolerated it well. A follow-up positron emission tomography-CT scan showed that the pancreatic mass reduced in size to 10 × 5 cm without areas of new or worsening lymphoma (Figure 3b).