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Employment Law and Occupational Health and Safety
Published in Julie Dickinson, Anne Meyer, Karen J. Huff, Deborah A. Wipf, Elizabeth K. Zorn, Kathy G. Ferrell, Lisa Mancuso, Marjorie Berg Pugatch, Joanne Walker, Karen Wilkinson, Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices, 2019
Kathleen P. Buckheit, Moniaree Parker Jones
EPA’s Agricultural Worker Protection Standard (WPS) focuses on reducing the risk to agricultural workers and pesticide handlers from pesticide poisoning and injury. The WPS offers occupational protections to agricultural workers involved in the production of agricultural plants and to pesticide handlers who mix, load, or apply crop pesticides. The EPA periodically revises the WPS to implement stronger protections for agricultural workers, handlers, and their families. These revisions aim to decrease exposure incidents among farmworkers and families. Each year, preventable pesticide exposure incidents occur at establishments covered by the WPS. Three requirements became effective on January 2, 2018 to include:pesticide safety training that includes the expanded content of the WPSpesticide safety information (posters) must reflect the revised standards andhandlers must suspend applications if people are in the application exclusion zone(U.S. EPA, n.d.-d)
Weight of evidence analysis of the tumorigenic potential of 1,3-dichloropropene supports a threshold-based risk assessment
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2020
Zhongyu (June) Yan, Michael Bartels, Bhaskar Gollapudi, Jeffrey Driver, Matthew Himmelstein, Sean Gehen, Daland Juberg, Ian van Wesenbeeck, Claire Terry, Reza Rasoulpour
Worker population: In occupational settings, applicators may be exposed via the inhalation route while handling the pesticide prior to application, as well as during fumigation activities, post-fumigation tasks, and direct handing tasks during application. Potential dermal exposure (and risk estimation) during handling and application of 1,3-D has not been considered necessary due to the highly volatile nature of the chemical and anticipated very low dermal exposure relative to inhalation (US EPA 2019b). Since 1,3-D is formulated as a liquid there is some potential for dermal and eye contact, however, the use of mitigation controls such as personal protective equipment (PPE) and closed transfer systems minimizes dermal exposure opportunities. Although 1,3-D may be irritating to the skin and eyes, PPE for dermal and eye protection is based on the acute toxicity of the end-use product, consistent with the U.S. EPA’s Worker Protection Standard and mitigation measures (US EPA 2019b). Occupational dermal post-application exposures are not expected given the high vapor pressure of 1,3-D. In addition, emission reduction techniques used (e.g. tarping) reduce potential exposures.