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Shaping built environments for community health
Published in Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong, The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
The presence of litter, garbage, water dripping from ceilings and other issues were highlighted by a majority of the participants as environmental stressors that detracted from the walking experience. The existence of vermin and insects were also discussed as liabilities for ATW. Tsui elaborated on this in the following:I prefer not to walk in dirty environments, such as near garbage. … if it is smelly, I am not willing to go there… I will choose to walk on another path … it is because of hygiene.… (Tsui)
Control of microbial contamination during manufacture
Published in R. M. Baird, S. F. Bloomfield, Microbial quality assurance in cosmetics, toiletries and non-sterile Pharmaceuticals, 2017
Some simple rules can help to reduce the chances of infestation. Doors should be kept closed at all times. Loading bay doors should be provided with seals so that loading operations are carried out under cover. Eating and drinking, except in the designated place, should be strictly forbidden. Food attracts vermin.
New world cultures and civilizations
Published in Lois N. Magner, Oliver J. Kim, A History of Medicine, 2017
Cholera, bubonic plague, smallpox, measles, scarlet fever, typhus fever, typhoid fever, influenza, and probably gonorrhea and leprosy were unknown in the pre-contact period. There is even uncertainty about the kinds of vermin native to the New World, but Europeans probably brought new species of fleas, roaches, lice, bedbugs, and rats.
Focus on Depression and Suicide in the Era of COVID-19
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2020
Ghebreyesus (2020) points out that depression is included among the mental and neurological manifestations of COVID-19, and that the disease exacerbates preexisting mental conditions as well. Unutzer et al. (2020) warn of increased risk for developing suicidal ideation in those with preexisting mental health disorders, some of whom live in poverty. Government orders to “shelter in place” because of the pandemic condemn such individuals not only to isolation that can intensify hopelessness but also to the dangers being confined in dilapidated housing, “where the air is adulterated with vermin dander, lead, moisture and mold” (Weathersbee, 2020, p. 2B). Robert Bullard, an environmental justice authority, pointed out that “for many poor African Americans, the air inside the home is six to ten times worse than the air outside the home” (Bullard, cited in Weathersbee, 2020, p. 2B).
The Empirical Examination of the Social Process of Genetic Enhancement, Objectification, and Maltreatment
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2019
Sparrow’s article is a part of the literature about how enhancement would change our perceptions of ourselves, which was one of the original post-reform eugenics debates about human genetic engineering in the 1960s (Evans 2002). He cites C. S. Lewis and Hans Jonas—canonical authors in that era of debate. But Sparrow leaves the typical punchline in this literature implicit, which is that if humans are thought of as more like objects we will treat them as such (Bain, Vaes and Leyens 2014). For example, nations at war define their enemy as animals (“vermin”) or objects (“logs of wood”), which makes it easier to kill (Keen 1986), a literal “dehumanization” at the hands of government propaganda. Therefore, to tie it all together, the concern in this literature is that if we engage in human genetic enhancement, we will ever so slightly think of all humans as more like objects, and ever so slightly treat humans worse than we otherwise would. In other terms, this is not the dehumanization of any one enhanced individual, but of humanity writ large.
A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Leptospirosis among Rural and Urban Population of a South Indian District
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Sivakumar Rathinam, Rajesh Vedhanayaki, Kandasamy Balagiri
Rural population had poor knowledge on disease transmission than urban population (Table 2). Use of protective rubber boots or gloves will help in prevention; however, agricultural workers were neither aware nor using them. Farmers and milk men buried the dead animal and abortion waste. However, they buried in any place in a shallow pit. As per the Indian national guidelines burial should be performed in a remote area, located a minimum of 300 feet down gradient from water sources. The bottom of the pit or trench should be minimum 4–6 feet above the water table. Bleaching powder (calcium hydroxide) should be layered upon the dead animals to keep out insects and vermin. The study population was not aware of the guidelines.34