China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Functional Rehabilitation
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
Overuse is the gradual breakdown of tissue over time. Overuse usually arises as a result of prolonged exposure to repetitive and unvaried loading, even at light to moderate loads. Repeating the same task over and over slowly fatigues tissues, overloads tissue resilience and overloads the ability of tissues to cope. Micro-trauma caused by unrelenting overuse can eventually cause pain and injury, a process referred to as repetitive strain injury (RSI).
The Psychological Aspect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Published in Adam Gledhill, Dale Forsdyke, The Psychology of Sports Injury, 2021
In a subsequent larger study, McPherson et al. (2019) had 429 athletes complete the ACL-RSI both before and at 12 months after ACL reconstruction and then followed the cohort for a minimum 2 years to determine further injury. Given that most ACL injuries occur in the context of sport, only those who had made a return to sport were included in the final analysed cohort of 329 patients. For this group, when measured preoperatively, psychological readiness was not associated with subsequent ACL injury. However, when measured at 12 months, younger injured patients (≤20 years) had significantly lower psychological readiness than younger non-injured patients. A cut-off score of 77 points was calculated which had high sensitivity (90%) but low specificity (47%). From these results, it can be 90% certain that an athlete who has a second ACL injury scores below this cut-off. This may give some guidance, to both patient and clinician, as to what amount of psychological readiness one might be aiming for at this time point of the recovery process to avoid further injury. A follow-up study in the same young cohort showed that those who re-injured had little improvement in ACL-RSI scores from preoperative to 12 months post-surgery, whereas those not injured showed a 20-point increase (out of the 100-point scale). Notably, 15% of those who reinjured had pre- to post-surgery drop in score (McPherson et al., 2019).
Introduction
Published in Miho Ushiyama, Incorporating Patient Knowledge in Japan and the UK, 2019
However, with contested illnesses, it is not always the case that laypeoples’ claims about diseases are fully accepted and legitimized by governments, academia, and the public at large. Hilary Arksey’s work on repetitive strain injury (RSI) illustrates this ambivalence. RSI is a condition that can appear in areas such as the hands, wrists, neck, or shoulders, and it is believed to be caused by a static working posture, repetitive actions, and psychological stress. What is of particular interest about this condition is the debate among patients, doctors, specialists, academics, and the media surrounding whether or not it even exists. In fact, since RSI is not something with a visual manifestation, it would go completely unnoticed if not for patients’ complaints.
An exploratory ergonomic evaluation of musculoskeletal risks for ophthalmic photographers who use ophthalmic imaging equipment plus user equipment trials
Published in Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 2023
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is a general term used to describe the pain felt in muscles, nerves and tendons caused by repetitive movement and overuse. There are certain areas that are thought to increase the risk of developing RSI which include repetitive activities, performing high-intensity activity without a break, and poor posture that involves working in an awkward position. The symptoms of RSI can range from mild to severe. They usually develop gradually and often include pain, aching or tenderness, stiffness, throbbing, tingling or numbness, weakness, and cramp. The symptom may only be noticeable when repetitive actions are being carried out (NHS Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), 2022). The HSE lists Upper Limb Disorders (ULD) as aches and pains in the shoulders, arms wrists, hands, and fingers and the neck. Working environments that might cause ULDs include assembly line and work with computers where the task involves prolonged repetitive actions, particularly using the same hand or arm action, uncomfortable or awkward working postures and carrying out tasks for a long time without suitable breaks (Health and Safety Executive - Upper limb disorders, 2022). MSD’s can comprise of Work-Related Upper Limb Disorders (WRULD) due to repetitive tasks. WRULD are listed as chronic injuries such as tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome as a result from performing repetitive tasks (Health and Safety Executive Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), 2022).
Narrow-band imaging combined with salivary pepsin to diagnose patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a prevalent disease characterized by the back-flow of gastric contents into the laryngopharynx [12]. The gold standard for diagnosis of LPR is the 24-h PH monitoring. However, we did not use PH monitoring in this study because of its long examination duration, aggressiveness, and unacceptability of patients. Rare patients with suspicion of suffering from LPR would accept the 24-h PH monitoring. Besides, PH monitoring also has a false-positive effect caused by physiological acid reflux. Therefore, RSI/RFS grouping method was adopted in our study. RSI has been proved to be a valid and reliable tool by many studies [13]. RFS, proposed by Belafsky in 2001, is a clinical severity rating system based on conventional laryngoscopy findings [2]. In our study, subjects with RSI >13 and RFS >7 were selected as the LPR group, and those with RSI ≤13 and RFS ≤7 were selected as the control group. Mesallam et al. demonstrate a highly significant correlation between RFS and RSI results, which shows that throat clearing, hoarseness, and foreign body sensation appear to be the most popular RSI symptoms that correlate with laryngeal signs including inter-arytenoid thickening, erythema, vocal cord granuloma, and so on [3]. Intra-observer agreements were also calculated when RFS evaluation was made. The interobserver agreement between two doctors for the endoscopy patterns ranged from moderate to almost perfect (data not shown).
Utility of 24-hour pharyngeal pH monitoring and clinical feature in laryngopharyngeal reflux disease
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Gang Wang, Changmin Qu, Lei Wang, Hongdan Liu, Haolun Han, Bingxin Xu, Ying Zhou, Baowei Li, Yiyan Zhang, Zhezhe Sun, Jing Gong, Lianyong Li, Wei Wu
Studies have shown that accurate clinical assessment of laryngeal involvement with LPRD using the questionnaire is likely to be difficult because the RSI cannot be reliable. Variability in patients’ psychological factors, comprehension of the RSI and clinicians’ experience makes the precise diagnosis of LPRD highly subjective [15]. Oyer et al. reported that the presence of anxiety and depression impairs the predictive value of the RSI for LPR, which potentially explains some of the controversy over the diagnostic utility of the RSI [16]. In our study, we achieved the same phenomenon in that the patients with anxiety or depression had a higher RSI and that the pH monitoring did not have good accordance with the RSI and RFS scores [13,14]. It should be noted that RSI and RFS are validated clinical tools but they do not include many prevalent symptoms including sore throat, odynophagia, otalgia or halitosis and signs of reflux, such as leucoplakia, keratosis, hypertrophy of the lingual tonsils, hypo- or oropharyngeal erythema and edema, coated tongue and erythema of the anterior pillars. And certain symptoms that slightly vary from each other are grouped in one single item of the RSI (i.e. regurgitations, heartburn, chest pain, indigestion). This does not consider the frequency of symptoms, as well as the absence of clear reference in terms of the value of each score attributed to each item affecting the evaluation equally [17]. This can also explain the lack of correlation between RSI and RFS in some extent.